PDF generado a partir de XML-JATS4R por Redalyc Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Artículos Determinantes de la innovación: el rol de las economías de aglomeración Determinants of innovation: the role of the agglomeration economies

This paper aims to determine the urban wage premium in Ecuador. It estimates two wage equations with the nominal and real wage, using instrumental variables to control endogeneity. Four indicators are applied to measure up the urban premium: area, classification by size of a city, cantonal population, and number of firms per capita. The latter is used for the first time and proves to be a better measure to reflect the urban premium. The results show that workers located in metropolis and big cities earn wages 14% and 4% higher than those workers located in small towns, respectively. The wage elasticity is 0.03% with respect to cantonal population, and 0.06% with respect to the number of firms.

Since innovation is a productivity driver that leads to economic growth, the case of a developing country, Ecuador, is studied. The aim of this paper is to measure the causal effect of innovation on firms’ productivity by distinguishing the type of innovation, namely, in products, in process, in organization and in marketing. To do so, an endogenous switching model is estimated using the Science, Technology and Innovation Activity Survey. The results indicate that the productivity loss is higher for innovating firms if they stop innovating than the productivity gain of non-innovating firms if they engage in innovation. The difference between the productivity losses and gains depends on the type of innovation.