The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has been implicated in the outbreak of an uncommon pneumonia in Chinese City of Wuhan, Hubei Province first reported in late December 2019. Since then, infection has spread to other Chinese cities, as well as internationally, threatening to trigger a pandemic. On January 30 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) in an effort to slow down the global spread of the virus declared the outbreak, “A global public health emergency of international concern”. As at the time of this review, there were more than 31 000 confirmed cases and 638 deaths reported globally. Controversies exist on the origin of the virus with diverse views. The swift rise in morbidity and mortality rate of the virus has caused widespread alarm in China and other parts of the world. This review is aimed at providing relevant information on the possible origin of the virus, its mode of transmission, associated risk factors, existing controversies, consequences of the current trend and control interventions required to halt the widespread of the new coronavirus outbreak.

Ocular infections have been associated with bacterial contamination of eyeglasses. This study assessed bacterial contaminants associated with the eyeglasses of staffs and students of Babcock University, Ilishan–Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Background: A few studies have demonstrated the medicinal benefits of Bio-Clean II herbal remedy. The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical screening, proximate analysis and microbiological quality of Bio-Clean II. Materials and Methods: Samples of the herbal remedy were procured from the manufacturer and were analyzed using standard procedure of analysis including sterility test, Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, and gravimetric method. All the batches of Bio-Clean II examined pass sterility test. Physicochemical characterization of the herbal remedy was as follows: pH (6.86), temperature (25oC), relative density (1.08), conductivity (272 uS/cm) and total dissolved solid (163 mg/L). Phytochemical screening of the herbal remedy revealed the presence of the following bioactive secondary metabolites in varied quantity: resin (+), Flavonoids (+++), Saponins (+), Anthraquinones (+++), Tannin (++), Alkaloids (++) and Cardiac Glycoside (++); except for Steroids which was absent (-). Trace elements analysis revealed the presence of the following in varied quantity: Iron (2.526 mg/L), Zinc (0.033 mg/L) and Iodine (0.025 mg/L), except for Copper and Cobalt which were absent. The results of the proximate analysis were as follows: % Moisture (54.25), % Carbohydrate (11.23), % Crude Protein (12.41), % Crude Fat (9.25), % Crude Fibre (10.65) and % Ash Content (2.21). The outcome of the study shows that all the samples of Bio-Clean II examined were of high microbiological quality and therefore poses no microbial threat to the safety of potential consumers; while the presence of appreciable quantities of some important phytochemical compounds and trace elements in the herbal remedy further underscores its medicinal benefits as earlier reported.

Introduction:Vaccine hesitancy is a global phenomenon and vaccination efforts against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be hampered by it. This study assessed the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination at different hypothetical efficacy and safety levels in Nigeria. Methods: This web-based study was conducted among a selected Nigerian population between the month of February and May 2021 using an online self-administered structured questionnaire hosted by Survey Monkey. WhatsApp, Twitter and Facebook were used to disseminate the invitation to take the poll. Results: The finding of this study revealed that a larger proportion of the participants were males (53.9%), within the age group of 31-40 years (25.6%) and earn an average income of less than $500 per month. Individuals between the ages of 21 and 30 years and 31 to 40 years showed the highest levels of acceptability for the COVID-19 vaccine at 95% efficacy and 5% adverse effects. The older age group (>51 years and above) had the least vaccine acceptance rate (3.3%) at 75% vaccine efficacy and 20% side effect. Respondents who held the belief that vaccinations are essential for their health had a higher chance to accept the COVID-19 vaccine with OR: 0.76; 50%CI (0.00-0.00), OR: 95%CI (0.000-0.000), OR: 1.23; ) and OR: 0.696; 95%CI (0.048-10.047) based on religion, the occurrence of diabetes, pulmonary disease, and Hypertension, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that vaccine acceptance rates are negatively correlated with participants' ages.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination efforts against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be hampered by vaccine hesitancy. This study assessed the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination at different hypothetical efficacy and safety levels in Nigeria. METHODS: This web-based study was conducted among a selected Nigerian population between the month of February and May, 2021 using an online self-administered structured questionnaire hosted by Survey Monkey. WhatsApp, Twitter and Facebook were used to disseminate the invitation to take the poll. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25 with level of significance set at P<0.05. RESULT: The finding of this study revealed that a larger proportion of the participants were males (53.9%), within the age group of 31-40 years (25.6%), and earn an average income of less than $500 per month. Individuals between the ages of 21 and 30 years and 31 to 40 years showed the highest levels of acceptability for the COVID-19 vaccine at 95% efficacy and 5% adverse effects. Older age group (>51 years and above) had the least vaccine acceptance rate (3.3%) at 75% vaccine efficacy and 20% side effect. Respondents who held the belief that vaccinations are essential for their health had higher chance to accept COVID-19 vaccine with OR: 0.76; 50%CI (0.00-0.00), OR: 6.31; 95%CI (0.000-0.000), OR: 1.23; 95%CI (0.193-7.860) and OR: 0.696; 95%CI (0.048-10.047) based on religion, occurrence of diabetes, Pulmonary disease and Hypertension, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this research indicate that vaccine acceptance rates are negatively correlated with participants' ages.