Jaring insang digolongkan sebagai alat tangkap yang ramah lingkungan mengingat ukuran ikan yang tertangkap dipengaruhi oleh ukuran mata jaring yang digunakan. Penelitian yang dilakukan selama 2013-2014 di perairan Kotania, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat bertujuan untuk menghitung kelimpahan ikan pada spektrum ukuran (abundance size-spectrum) berdasarkan habitat ikan pada waktu yang berbeda. Data dikumpulkan melalui logbook yang diisi oleh nelayan Dusun Pulau Osi dan Dusun Wael dengan daerah penangkapan di Teluk Kotania. Distribusi panjang ikan hasil tangkapan setiap mata jaring menunjukkan kisaran panjang yang tidak beraturan yang bisa menimbulkan selektivitas yang tidak konsisten. Ketidakpastian selektivitas jaring insang yang dioperasikan pada perairan dangkal disebabkan oleh perubahan pilihan habitat sebagai daerah penangkapan nelayan. Spektrum panjang menunjukkan distribusi panjang yang unimodal dengan jumlah ikan jenis ikan berukuran kecil tinggi dan menurun secara eksponensial untuk jenis ikan berukuran besar. Mengingat ikan besar mempunyai peranan penting dalam komunitas, dan kurang rentan terhadap jaring insang, kami menyimpulkan bahwa jaring insang adalah alat yang ramah lingkungan.EVALUATION OF GILLNET SELECTIVITY IN KOTANIA BAY, WEST PART OF SERAM. Gillnets are categorized as environmentally friendly fishing gear convinced by its selectivity. Study conducted at Kotania Bay, West Seram Regency, for two years (2012-2013) aimed to count the abundance size-spectrum on habitat for evaluating the catch of gillnets. Length distribution of catch for each mesh size showed irregular ranges, which may lead to selectivity uncertainties. Data was collected from logbooks filled by fishers from Osi Island and Wael. Uncertainty of gillnets selectivity which were operated in shallow waters was influenced by the fishers’ habitat preference that was distinct temporally. The size-spectra of exhibited unimodal length distribution with high catch of small-bodied species and lowered exponentially towards large-bodied species. As large- bodied species play important role in the community and they are less vulnerable to gillnets, we concluded that the practices of gillnet at Kotania Bay are environmentally friendly gear.
Larval occurrence in Ambon Bay is related to the larval settlement and indirectly affects the population of pelagic species which have nursery ground in Ambon Bay. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence larval fish occurrence in Ambon Bay based on the length distribution. A lift net assisted by 6 LED lights was operated during the dark to catch larval fish and data was collected from 2016-2018 at Hative Besar, Ambon City. Length frequency with a 5 mm interval was set following the sampling dates. Two variables: length frequency and the number of new individuals (<20mm) together with information on tides and moon phase obtained from the website were collected for further analysis. The larval occurrence was associated with 4 moon phases (dark, first quarter, full and third quarter) and with 2 types of tides: semi-diurnal and mixed semi-diurnal. The normality test (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test) showed normal distribution on length data and the ANOVA showed no significant difference in larval occurrence among the moon phases (F=1.223, P=0.318) but between semi-diurnal and mixed semi-diurnal, and larval recruitment was significantly different (F=3.07; P=0.003), small size larvae were abundance during semi-diurnal tides while large larvae during mixed semi-diurnal tides. It is concluded that small pelagic larval occurred throughout the year and the new cohort occurred by the influence of the tidal current to Ambon bay. Our findings highlight the biological impacts of lift net siru-siru as priorities for the management of fisheries in Ambon bay. Abstrak Pola kehadiran larva ikan di Teluk Ambon berkaitan erat dengan proses menetap dan secara tidak langsung berkaitan juga dengan dinamika populasi ikan pelagis yang memilih daerah pembesaran di dalam Teluk Ambon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi kehadiran pra-menetap larva ikan pelagis kecilberdasarkan frekuensi panjang. Larva ikan ditangkap dengan menggunakan siru-siru dengan bantuan lampu di malam hari. Sampling dilaksanakan dari tahun 2016 hingga 2018 di Negeri Hative Besar, Ambon. Frekuensi panjang total larva ditabulasi dalam bentuk histogram dengan kisaran 5 mm untuk setiap tanggal sampling. Dua variabel: panjang dan jumlah individu baru (≤ 20mm) bersama dengan hari bulan dan pasang surut digunakan untuk analisis selanjutnya. Kehadiran larva dihubungkan dengan hari bulan (4 fase: bulan baru, kwartir pertama, purnama dan kwartir terakhir) dan tipe pasang surut (harian ganda dan tipe campuran). Uji normalitas Kolmogorov–Smirnov test menunjukkan sebaran data panjang normal (P=0.20). Selanjutnya hasil ANOVA menunjukkan kehadiran pra-menetap larva di Teluk Ambon tidak dipengaruhi hari bulan (F=1,223, P=0,318), tetapi dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut (F=3,07; P=0,003) ketika larva berukuran kecil lebih banyak tertangkap pada tipe harian ganda, sedangkan larva yang lebih besar pada tipe campuran. Kehadiran pra-menetap larva ikan pelagis kecil terjadi sepanjang tahun dan kehadiran individu baru di Teluk Ambon dipengaruhi oleh arus pasang surut. Hasil penelitian ini menyorot dampak biologis dari perikanan siru-siru sebagai prioritas pengelolaan perikanan di Teluk Ambon.
Pancing adalah alat tangkap kedua terbanyak digunakan oleh nelayan di kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya namun pengamatan terhadap perikanan ini sangatlah kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menstandarisasi upaya perikanan pancing dan membandingkan hasil tangkapan pancing tonda dan pancing ulur. Data tangkapan dikoleksi dari logbook nelayan desa Kaiwatu. Standarisasi upaya penangkapan (durasi pemancingan) terhadap jumlah tangkapan dan ukuran ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan turunan persamaan stok populasi ikan dan general linier model (GLM) setelah data ditransformasi logaritma. Indeks relatif penting (IRI%) dipakai untuk menghitung komposisi hasil tangkapan. Standarisasi terhadap alat tangkap pancing harus dilakukan karena semakin lama pemancingan, hasil tangkapan menurun pada pancing ulur tetapi meningkat pada pancing tonda. Hasil tangkapan pancing dan hasil standarisasi berbeda baik dari segi jumlah maupun panjang ikan. Hasil tangkapan kedua jenis pancing didominasi oleh ikan tongkol (Auxis thazard) dengan IRI 60% untuk pancing ulur dan 79% untuk pancing tonda. Ukuran ikan yang tertangkap pancing tonda lebih besar dibandingkan pancing ulur walaupun jumlah tangkapannya lebih banyak.
Bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) is one of the small pelagic economical species from the family of Carangidae. The annual landing of Carangids in Ambon Island sharply dropped in 2018. Meanwhile, demand for these fish has increased following the local population growth. Was the reduction of fish products showing an indication of overfishing? To answer this, we measured the maturity of bigeye scad caught in Ambon waters during east monsoon (May to July 2019 and March to June 2020), including the length-frequency distribution. We found that the minimum size was 5 cm, the maximum (Lmax) was 23 cm, and the optimum length (Lopt) was 18.7 cm. The estimated length of first maturity (Lm) of bigeye scad was 18.3 cm. This study showed that the optimum length was slightly longer than maturity length. Less than 30% of the catch of bigeye scad was immature and indicated a small probability of recruitment overfishing. Arround 57% of megaspawner found during this study showed more robust broodstocks to produce survival larvae into the population. The possibility of overfishing is relatively low for the bigeye scad fishery during the east monsoon, except for the reduction in the maturity size should be concerned.
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