Introduction:It is a well established fact that periodontitis is caused by a group of highly specific microorganisms, organized as a bio-film on the tooth surface. Hence, therapeutic modalities are directed against elimination or adequate suppression of these organisms. Thorough debridement of these sites is possible mainly by scaling and root planing (SRP) and open- flap debridement in deeper sites. Open- flap debridement includes conventional surgical procedures such as the modified Widman flap procedure. Surgical procedures, however, have a number of disadvantages and hence efforts have been on at improving various non-surgical approaches, which are directed more specifically at the microbial nature of periodontal disease. Use of local drug-delivery devices is one such approach. The combined therapy of SRP and local drug delivery has been showing promising results in improving all the parameters in periodontal disease.Materials and Methods:This study compares the clinical, as well as, microbiological results of a split-mouth trial using modified Widman flap and non-surgical therapy of SRP and the use of a controlled release drug-delivery device (Chlorhexidine chip), in the management of moderate to deep pockets.Results and Conclusion:The results showed that the non-surgical most sites subjected to the non-surgical treatment were found to be maintainable without further deterioration, during the study period.

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Several systemic diseases and conditions, allergic reactions to various agents, and psychological stress manifest in different ways on the gingiva. Desquamative gingivitis is one such condition that presents as erythema, ulcerations, or erosions on the gingiva and may be indicative of a bigger underlying condition/disease. While examining the oral cavity, we often forget that it is an integral part of the rest of the body, the oral mucosa, particularly the gingiva, is the site where several systemic diseases and conditions manifest. This review paper attempts to throw light on the various conditions and diseases manifesting as desquamative gingivitis, the importance of clinical examination, and proper history recording, along with relevant histopathological and immunological investigations. It also looks into the different modalities of management and treatment of desquamative gingivitis.