Current human population is mostly located in urban areas making cities the center of attention in terms of achieving sustainability goals. Evidence shows that ecosystems have evolved over time toward a balanced configuration between resource efficiency and functional redundancy. For this reason, they are exemplary models to follow in terms of sustainability. Here, we apply similar ecological network‐based methods to study the virtual water metabolic network (VWMN) of the Metropolitan District of Quito. The VWMN was obtained using novel bottom‐up, survey‐based methods to generate the urban metabolic network. We compare the VWMN results with those previously obtained from ecological food webs, to learn if there are insights about the sustainability of urban metabolic processes. We conclude that VWMN does not exhibit characteristics observed in sustainable ecological networks because this socioeconomic network exhibits higher levels of path redundancy. Urban metabolism studies are gaining in popularity as a research tool aimed at informing resource management and this is one of the first covering a city in the Global South and using a bottom‐up survey method.
Resumen: ¿Cuáles son los costos y beneficios de perder la aplicación de una política monetaria convencional en una economía emergente? En el artículo, para responder a esta pregunta, nos enfocamos en el impacto de la dolarización en Ecuador, sobre la incertidumbre institucional o macroeconómica y el crecimiento económico. Adoptamos una perspectiva de economía institucional dentro de la cual la estrategia empírica que implementamos, refleja la relevancia de entornos macroeconómicos con certidumbre de reglas para que agentes económicos produzcan mejor. Esta estrategia empírica tiene como novedad el diseño de un Índice de Incertidumbre Institucional basado en un análisis de componentes principales; este índice se usa dentro de un modelo VAR de la economía ecuatoriana para entender cómo la incertidumbre afecta al crecimiento. Las funciones impulso-respuesta para los períodos previo y posterior a la dolarización en Ecuador, año 2000, arrojan resultados de como el cambio en la institución monetaria redujo la incertidumbre, lo que ha llevado a mejoras en el crecimiento. Palabras clave: Dolarización, incertidumbre institucional, crecimiento, política monetaria, análisis de componentes principales, VAR.
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