RESUMO. Objetivou-se investigar, através da Escala de Desenhos de Silhuetas, a percepção de tamanho e forma corporal de 150 mulheres, divididas com base no índice de massa corporal (IMC) em cinco grupos: não-obesidade, sobrepeso e obesidade graus I, II e III. As escolhas foram classificadas em representações de tamanho e forma corporal normal, real e ideal. Evidenciou-se que as escolhas de homem e mulher de tamanhos normais, nos cinco grupos, foram associadas a representações de baixo peso. Na auto-avaliação de tamanho e forma corporal real, notou-se ampla distribuição de escolhas, sendo que, com exceção do grupo com sobrepeso, a maioria das mulheres dos demais grupos fez escolhas compatíveis com seu IMC. O tamanho e forma corporal ideal foram associados a figuras representativas de baixo peso. Os dados apontam para a relevância das diferenças entre adequação da percepção real e ideal, sinalizando a direção das dificuldades relativas à autopercepção corporal.Palavras-chave: imagem corporal, obesidade, auto-avaliação. PERCEPTIONS OF BODY SHAPE AND SIZE IN WOMEN: AN EXPLORATORY STUDYABSTRACT. The objective of the present study was to investigate women's size and shape body perception using the Ninefigure Outline Scale. A total of 150 women were divided into five groups according to body mass index (BMI): non-obese, overweight and grade I, II and III obese women. The options were classified in representations of normal, real and ideal body size and shape. It was evident that the men and women's choice for normal sizes, in the five groups, were predominantly connected to the representation of low body weight. In the self-assessment of the real body size and shape, it was noticed a broad distribution of choices, although with the exception of the pre-obesity group, the majority of women from the other groups made compatible choices with their BMI. The ideal body size and shape was associated with representative figures of low body weight. The data indicate the relevance of the differences between the adequacy of real and ideal perception, pointing at the difficulties related to body self-perception.
Durante muito tempo na história da humanidade, o ganho de peso, bem como o acúmulo de gordura, eram vistos como sinais de saúde e prosperidade. Hoje, contudo, a obesidade é considerada uma doença crônica, que afeta crianças, adolescentes e adultos, presente tanto em países desenvolvidos quanto em desenvolvimento (WHO, 1997).De uma forma geral, a obesidade pode ser definida como uma doença resultante do acúmulo anormal ou excessivo de gordura sob a forma de tecido adiposo, de forma que possa resultar em prejuízos à saúde (Halpern, Matos, Suplicy, Mancini & Zanella, 1998; WHO, 1997 The Body Image in Morbid Obese Women Evaluated through the Draw a Person Test AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess self-image in 30 morbid obese women compared to 30 non obese women. Individual evaluation was carried out using the Draw a Person Test and a interview. Regarding general aspects of the drawing the groups differed significantly in quality of graphism, location in the page and theme indexes, indicating prevalence of feelings of enadequacy in the obese group. With regard to size of drawing, proportion, trunk representation and different body parts size indexes, the groups differed significantly, suggesting depreciation and distortion of body image in the obese group. It was observed that obese women had difficulty in expressing way their corporal existence, in a symbolic suggesting inferiority feelings, discontent and worry about body and beauty. Keywords: Body image; draw a person test; women; obesity. Cukier, 1988;Friedman & Brownell, 1995; Ingran, 1976;Pizzinatto, 1992). No que diz respeito à obesidade mórbida, Laurent e Vannotti (1993) afirmam que esta doença é o resultado de diversos obstáculos psicológicos -internos, relacionais, comportamentais e psicossociais. Nesse sentido, os aspectos psicossociais relacionados à obesidade têm sido estudados com ênfase diversa, incluindo avaliação da imagem corporal por meio de diferentes instrumentos, como desenhos, escalas e questionários. No que diz respeito à avaliação por meio de desenhos, de acordo com Van Kolck (1984), o significado psicológico do desenho da figura humana tem suas bases no conceito de imagem corporal que, por sua vez, torna-se veículo de expressão da personalidade. Segundo a referida autora, a imagem corporal é projetada no desenho da figura humana e, conseqüentemente, reflete o conceito de si mesmo, além de expressar diferentes representações do indivíduo. Van Kolck, analisando as pesquisas sobre a catexe corporal definida como o grau de satisfação ou insatisfação com as várias partes e processo do corpo ou sentimentos da pessoa para com o seu corpo aponta que esta tem sido relacionada 1 Endereço para correspondência: Rua Adalberto Pajaúba, 957, B 11, 14055-220, Ribeirão Preto, SP. Fone: (16) 63070020.
ABSTRACT-Background -Bariatric surgeries have been considered an alternative for treatment of morbid obesity. Some adverse events that people experience after the treatment frequently are the consequence of the lack of consistent knowledge associated with psychosocial factors that are related to the pre-surgery status of the patients. Aim -To evaluate psychosocial variables of 414 candidates for bariatric surgery from Clinical Hospital of Medical School at University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Methods -Semi-structured interview, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Binge Eating Scale (BES) were used. Results -BMI was higher among patients who had no employment (p = 0.019). Female, patients who had a partner and patients with a BMI < 50 kg/m², all of them desired have a lower weight (p < 0.001). BAI scores were higher among patients who had no employment (p < 0.05) and higher among those with a BMI > 50 kg/m² (p < 0.05). BDI scores were higher among women (p < 0.05) and lower among those who had an employment (p < 0.01). No difference in BES was found. Conclusions -The data suggest that women showed higher indicators of anxiety and depression, suggesting that they had a more fragile psychological functioning with difficulties in coping with distress. Self-perception as well as skills and abilities, may reflect internal aspects of individual's personality. Patients who had an employment before surgery seemed have more emotional resources. So, they may feel less distress because the employment may protect them. Women and those who did not have an employment were more likely to experience depression symptoms. Furthermore, patients who did not have an employment and those with BMI> 50 kg / m² were more likely to experience anxiety symptoms. ABCDDV/798RESUMO -Racional -Operações bariátricas têm sido consideradas alternativa para o tratamento de obesidade mórbida. Alguns eventos adversos que as pessoas experimentam após o tratamento frequentemente são consequência da falta de conhecimento consistente associada a fatores psicossociais que estão relacionadas ao status pré-operatório dos pacientes.
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