It is given the description of expanded graphite (EG) as a cluster-assembled nanoscale system. It is shown that in the structure of EG there are both extended defects formed by the convolution of one or more graphene layers and orientation defects-disclination. The strength characteristics of EG compacted materials can be controlled by changing the parameters of the production process in a limited interval (the ratio of the amount of oxidizing agent, intercalant, with natural dispersed graphite, its particle size). The procedure for treating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW CNTs) with a solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid was carried out according to the known technology of oxidation of natural graphite in order to obtain expandable graphite. It provides for the use of sulfuric acid as an intercalating agent and potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7) as an oxidizing agent. The aqueous dispersion of oxidized MW CNTs is stable over time: the average particle size is 50 nm; two fractions-from 20 to 100 nm, amount-99.9%, mass-10%; from 250 to 500 nm and amount of 0.1%, mass-90%; high polydispersity ranges from 0.35-0.4, that is, the particles are quite close to the spherical shape. Modification of CNTs by oxygen simultaneously with anodic oxidation of natural dispersed graphite allowed for the first time to create a carbon-carbon composite "EG-MW CNTs" with enhanced physical and mechanical characteristics without additional use of binders.