Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is usually seen in a proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction following reperfusion therapy of an occluded coronary artery. It is characterized by damage and dysfunction of the myocardial microvasculature with a no-reflow phenomenon within the infarct zone. While MVO may be demonstrated via a number of different imaging modalities, cardiac MR (CMR) enables accurate identification of MVO and also permits assessment of infarct extent and overall left ventricular function during the same imaging examination. We present a pictorial review of the characteristic appearances of MVO on CMR and highlight the importance of this imaging diagnosis for patient outcome following acute myocardial infarction.