The field of applied scientific research is important for the health, welfare and security of all countries in the world. Applied research scientists should be involved in the education of new generations of investigators. Institutions can reward them for such participation. It is well known that science fairs only reward a few winners and hundreds of others are left with no reward and possibly less inspiration to continue in science. In fact, Finland was ranked at the top in the U.N. World Happiness Report primarily because it aims not to leave any student behind, instead of only nurturing high achievers. This paper is intended to interest applied research scientists in the education of new generations of prospective applied researchers by presenting programs that do not leave any interested students behind. As presented in a National Science Teaching Association Commentary, by Steve Oppenheimer read by hundreds of thousands in the education community, and in a National Science Foundation webinar, this paper for the first time brings 2 key programs to applied scientists. One is a journal, whose 25 annual volumes inspire all students. The other is a symposium that does the same. The concept of science research for all students helped Steve Oppenheimer, win a U.S. Presidential Award for mentoring (PAESMEM), presented at the White House by President Obama. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) cited Steve's work with K-12 programs, as well as his glycobiology research, in his election as Fellow AAAS. In the journal and symposium there are only rare rejections. Problem submissions are corrected. The late Nobel laureate Francis Crick, who believed in the motto of science research for all, was an early collaborator in these programs. These programs can be easily replicated, especially with the involvement of applied research scientists, who in partnership with the education community, can interest many more students in applied research science. The involvement of Dr. Crick attests to the importance of bringing research scientists into these training programs. Many universities and organizations will count mentoring involvement in evaluating scientists for tenure and promotion.

Clumped cells are generally more dangerous than single cells in cancer spread, thrombocytosis and biofilm infectivity. Here a simple direct kinetic assay is used to examine a specific reagent for anti-clumping activity using a Prefer fixed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model that has been recently described by us in detail using other reagents. In 1212 trials by 17 investigators sodium sulfate (1-3 mg per ml deionized water) was examined by measuring percentage single cells, number of clumps and number of cells per clump over a 60 min time course, with standard deviations and t-tests to determine any significant differences between controls and experimentals. Sodium sulfate showed sometimes inconsistent unclumping activity especially in magnitude of effects. When percentage of single cells increased, clump number and/or number of cells per clump generally decreased, helping to validate the assay. An example of these findings in 60 trials at 60 min with 1-3 mg sodium sulfate per ml deionized water: 1 mg 15% increased singles (p<0.01), 29% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 11% decreased cells per clump (p>0.05); 2 mg 12% increased singles (p<0.01), 20% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 30% decreased cells per clump (p<0.01); 3 mg 27% increased singles (p<0.01), 36% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 28% decreased cells per clump (p<0.02). Here sodium sulfate showed promise as an anti-cell-clumping reagent together with sodium citrate reported previously in part 1 of this study. Sodium citrate is a known human anticoagulant independently identified with this assay, helping to validate the assay for drug discovery applications.

Clumped cells are generally more dangerous than single cells in cancer spread, thrombocytosis and biofilm infectivity. Here a simple 3 component direct kinetic assay is used to examine 2 reagents for anti‐clumping activity using a Prefer (Anatech Ltd., Battle Creek, MI) fixed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model that has been recently described by us in detail using other reagents (Amer J Applied Scientific Research 5:28–34 March 2019). In 1212 trials by 17 investigators sodium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate (1–3 mg per ml deionized water) were examined by measuring percentage single cells, number of clumps and number of cells per clump over a 60 min time course, with standard deviations and t‐tests to determine any significant differences between controls and experimentals. Both reagents showed sometimes inconsistent unclumping activity especially in magnitude of effects. When percentage of single cells increased, clump number and/or number of cells per clump generally decreased, helping to validate the assay. An example of these findings in 60 trials at 60 min with 1–3 mg sodium sulfate per ml deionized water: 1 mg 15% increased singles (p<0.01), 29% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 11% decreased cells per clump (p>0.05); 2 mg 12% increased singles (p<0.01), 20% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 30% decreased cells per clump (p<0.01); 3 mg 27% increased singles (p<0.01), 36% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 28 % decreased cells per clump (p<0.02). Here sodium sulfate showed promise as an anti‐cell‐clumping reagent together with sodium citrate reported previously (Amer J Applied Scientific Research 5: 28–34 March 2019). Sodium citrate is a known human anticoagulant (Platelets 29 (2018) 21–26) independently identified with this assay, helping to validate the assay for drug discovery applications. Support or Funding Information Supported by California State University, Northridge, Department of Biology and Center for Cancer and Developmental Biology