No abstract

This paper introduces a new traffic method for unmanned aircraft systems traffic management, in terminal maneuver space, called the Carousel method. It revolves around the circulation of virtual blocks alongside a closed circuit. This paper emphasizes on the versatility of this method and showcases a simulation of one possible application to an operational scenario, as well as discussing further enhancements for the future of the method.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the geometric flexibility of the Carousel method. It first proves the entanglement between all its geometrical considerations, namely the separation length, length of the virtual blocks and maximal number of blocks on the circuit, as well as proving its geometrical flexibility through a series of simulations. Then, it successfully applies the method to a typical arrival scenario for unmanned aircraft systems, while taking into account randomized parameters, such as remaining battery and landing time, applied to every vehicle on the circuit.

<p>The flux footprint (or so-called source area) is the zone of the surface that contributes to a measured vertical flux (e.g. of water vapor or carbon dioxide) between the ground and the atmosphere: Footprint models are then used to derive location and size of the source area and for interpretation of flux-tower measurements, in particular to estimate the contribution of passive scalar sources to these measured fluxes, and to combine measured fluxes with remotely sensed data.</p><p>Existing footprint models are of two types: either they derive from the solution of an advection-diffusion differential equation or they result from a parameterization based on numerical simulations performed with a Lagrangian stochastic particle dispersion model. Models of the first type are essentially based on the hypothesis of power-law profiles of the mean wind speed u(z) and eddy diffusivity K(z). Our objective was to suppress this constraint and to build a footprint model for any type of profile, in particular Monin-Obukhov surface-layer profiles.</p><p>The model was developed in the frame of the K-theory. Homogeneous conditions were assumed in the horizontal plane and the alongwind diffusion term was neglected with respect to the advection term. A semi-analytical tool has been developed to cope with any type of atmosphere stratification. Applying a dedicated quadrupole method, the boundary layer is divided into a series of sublayers and an extended power law model is applied in each of them (10 to 15 sublayers are enough to reach an error of less than 0.1%, whatever the atmosphere stability).</p><p>In the end, a highly accurate estimation of the footprint can be obtained very quickly for any profile of wind speed and eddy diffusivity.</p>

The current growth in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles has brought to attention the need to develop a corresponding new infrastructure. One of those is the Carousel Inspired Virtual Circulation method, which consists on having Unmanned Aerial Vehicles represented as virtual blocks circulating alongside a virtual closed circuit. The purpose of this paper is to model and simulate this method in a landing configuration for large Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and evaluate its efficacy. Compared to previous works, this simulation will take into account more restrictive parameters and consider a randomized disruption, as well as an emergency landing situation. The results obtained after three runs of the simulation showed that, for each simulation, at least one virtual block landed after running out of battery. Thus, the limits of the method have been identified and further optimization of the landing sequence will be required for future works.