<p><strong>Background:</strong> The global community has recognized silvopastoral systems (SPS) as an alternative to contribute to the resolution of various socio-environmental problems derived from extensive livestock farming, deforestation, climate change and the current pandemic derived from SARS-CoV-2. Its technical and social viability has motivated various sectors of society to promote its massification or scaling. However, although there are important advances in agroforestry and silvopastoral scientific research in southeastern Mexico, there are no works that address the experiences of massification of silvopastoral systems. <strong>Objective:</strong> The objective of this study was to identify the experiences of massification of various projects of SSP, the participation of social actors and the barriers and trade-offs in their implementation in the state of Chiapas (Mexico). <strong>Methodology</strong>: The study considered an analysis period from 2000 to 2020. A review of scientific and technical documents was made, various social actors were interviewed (livestock producers, technicians from international and national development agencies, technicians and advisers from peasant organizations, technicians from non-governmental organizations, academics from research centers and universities) who have promoted SPS and good livestock practices in Chiapas. Two participatory workshops were held. <strong>Results.</strong> A timeline was built and five relevant experiences of massification of SPS in various agroecological regions of Chiapas were analyzed: a) <em>Scolel Té</em> Project, b) Puyacatengo Agreement (Red Selva), c) Sustainable Rural Development Project in Biological Corridors , d) Innovative mechanisms for a cooperation program towards adaptation to climate change in the Sierra Madre and Costa de Chiapas, e) Early Action Initiatives for Mitigation in livestock areas (IAT-REDD +) and e) Agrosilvopastoral Biodiversity and Livestock Landscapes Project Sustainable (BioPaSOS). Various socio-environmental barriers and alliances between multiple social actors are shown. <strong>Implications:</strong> The work makes a contribution to the historicity of the massification processes of SPS and to the process of change in livestock. It is necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the social and technological impact that the various massification initiatives shown have had.  <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The massification process that occurred between the years of study has shown the importance of alliances between various social sectors (producers-development agencies-academia-Governments), which has allowed the transition from local projects to projects with broad territorial coverage.</p>

Históricamente, la región Frailesca ha sido una de las principales zonas ganaderas del estado de Chiapas, por lo que se puede intuir que la estructura actual de su sistema lechero es una buena aproximación de la del estado. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo la caracterización y análisis de las unidades de producción que forman parte del sistema lechero de la región Frailesca con la intención de describir su estructura en cuanto a tamaño y tipo de unidades de producción. Para tal fin se utilizaron parámetros de producción, de costos de producción e indicadores de rentabilidad. Se determinaron las características principales de las unidades de producción en cuanto a su tamaño y condiciones de operación por localidad de pertenencia, a fin de construir una tipología de productores y de realizar un contraste por localidad. Se encontró que la estructura productiva de la región tiene como base unidades de pequeña escala que constituyen alrededor del 76.7 % del total de las unidades de la muestra, mientras que los medianos productores representan un 14.6 % del total y los grandes únicamente el 8.7 %. Entre estos tipos de productores existe una diferencia significativa en cuanto al tamaño del hato productivo, rendimiento, costos y rentabilidad. En síntesis, la estructura del sistema productivo de la región Frailesca, como otros sistemas de lechería tropical en el país, está constituida por unidades de producción de baja escala con características de unidades familiares con uso intensivo de mano de obra, bajo nivel tecnológico y altos costos de suplementación.

Este trabajo analiza la trayectoria del sistema productivo lechero de La Frailesca a partir de una perspectiva de análisis de cadena y de sistema productivo. Se identifica la estructura productiva actual y se explica su configuración a partir de la dinámica de desarrollo y del influjo de factores históricos externos e internos. Para hacer el mapeo y análisis de la cadena y el sistema productivo, se realizaron una serie de entrevistas enfocadas con actores considerados clave, seleccionados por su capacidad para aportar información sobre la situación general de la lechería en el estado y, en específico, sobre la región Frailesca. Dados los resultados, se puede afirmar que la cadena de valor en La Frailesca ha migrado de una estructura de cadena única controlada por una empresa transnacional (monopsonio) a una multiplicidad de cadenas regionales cuyo control se ha trasladado a un conjunto de compradores grandes, medianos y pequeños con menor grado de domino sobre las relaciones comerciales, pero con poder suficiente para modificar las condiciones locales de los distintos mercados (oligopsonios). El cambio estructural ha mejorado el precio pagado al productor primario, sin embargo, persisten desequilibrios de poder que colocan en una posición de desventaja a este eslabón.

<p><strong>Background</strong>. Silvopastoral systems are viable agroforestry option to move toward sustainable livestock and rural development. <strong>Objective</strong>. to analyze the level of adoption of silvopastoral techniques by beneficiary producers of three converging projects in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas region (Mexico), during the 2008-2017 period. <strong>Methodology</strong>. Forty-two Cattle Production Units (UPP, for its acronym in Spanish) from the municipalities of Villaflores, La Concordia and Pijijiapan (Chiapas) were diagnosed by socioeconomic and technical variables. A Silvopastoral Systems Development Index (IDESSP, for its acronym in Spanish) was used to evaluate their level of adoption. <strong>Results.</strong> The global IDESSP of UPP was 52%. UPP in the “High” level of adoption reached an IDESSP of 74% (± 6.2), “Medium” an index of 56% (± 5.3) and located in the “Low” group was 42% (± 3.1). The socio-educational characteristics (age of the producer, years of experience in livestock activity, education level) and the productive variables (land area, herd size, milk production / day, annual income) were different (P &lt;0.05) between the groups. The significant variables (P&gt; 0.001) that allowed a greater adoption of silvopastoral practices were the average annual income of each family, the availability of total land, and the collaboration that the rancher had with other social sectors.  <strong>Implications</strong>. The low adoption of silvopastoral techniques encourages the continuation of conventional livestock practices with negative effects on natural resources, diminishes the capacities for strengthening and social organization, and limits the processes of scaling-up or massification of SSP. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The level of adoption of silvopastoral techniques among the UPP was intermediate, which was subject to availability of land, years of experience, educational level and number of links for the production of each owner of the production units, the area under actions of conservation were greater than silvopastoral techniques.</p>