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Forest sustainability has emerged as a crucial component of all current issues related to forest management. The seven Montreal Process Criteria are well accepted as categories of processes for evaluating forest management with respect to sustainability, and data collected

The Southem Annual Forest Inventory System (SAFIS) is in various stages of implementation in 7 of the 13 southem states serviced by the Southem Research Station. The SAPIS design is an interpenetrating design where the n units (1/6 acre plots) are divided into k = 5 panels, each panel containing m = n/k units. Panel 1 plots are measured in year 1, panel 2 in year 2, etc., such that al1 plots have been visited by the end of year 5. The panel cycle is repeated into perpetuity. Each panel, in effect, is a 5-year periodic survey with complete overlap of sample units. Numerous estimation schemes are possible, and we explore five possible options. The five options are (1) use existing periodic inventory programs to produce 5-year survey estimates by adjusting al1 five panels to a common year, (2) analyze each annual panel independently, (3) produce 5-year estimates by combining the five panel estimates by varying the weight given to each panel, (4) base inventory estimates on mixed estimation where actual and predicted values are combined, and (5) use imputation techniques such that unmeasured plots are filled in with imputed plots. A two-phase method for forest area estimation that uses the known map marginals from a thematic map is presented as an altemative to photo interpretation-based estimates.