Упадок идеи секуляризации обусловил переоценку в европейской историографии роли религии в Европе XIX в., однако на сегодняшний день в историографии истории Российской империи такая переоценка теоретически и эмпирически выражена недостаточно. Вероисповедание, без сомнения, было чрезвычайно важным фактором в таком многоконфессиональном государстве, как Российская империя. И нигде в ее пределах конфессиональный вопрос не был более всеохватным, более острым, чем в Прибалтике-некогда оплоте независимого немецкого лютеранства, а с 1830-х годов-мишени для самого Российского государства и Православной церкви. Данное исследование дает основание предполагать, что религия была основной проблемой в этой неассимилированной пограничной области, все более тяготеющей к интеграции в рамках централизованного государства, и что Российское государство предоставляло значительную, но не постоянную помощь Русской православной церкви; данная религиозная политика служила не интеграции, а отчуждению как лютеран, так и православных; наконец, прибалтийский конфессиональный конфликт, проникая в новый транснациональный век глобализации, глубоко затрагивал международный статус России и ее внешнюю политику. Библиогр. 124 назв.
In recent decades scholars have done much to correct the previous neglect of the Russian Orthodox Church, but secular historians have virtually ignored this massive volume of dissertations, books, and articles on the Church. That also applies to the role of the Church in 1917. Although that neglect is largely due to the secularist bias in the traditional historiography, it is at least partly attributable to the new scholarship on the Church-which has tended to have a narrow focus: the internal history of the Church. That is, it has concentrated on the "history of the Church", not on the "Church in history". To shift that focus to the latter (and make the research more meaningful for secular historians), it is essential to redirect attention from the "Church" and clergy (especially elites) to the "church" (parish) and lay believers. This study seeks to encourage that new direction in scholarship and explores how the Church reforms in the spring turned into a parish revolution in the summer. It draws upon a number of archival repositories (central and local) as well as the Orthodox press (especially the diocesan gazettes). It shows how the crisis at the top (in central and diocesan administration) undermined the capacity of the "Church" to govern the "church," how the laity asserted their authority over parish finances and the local clerical staff, and how the parish clergy responded (most dramatically, by forming unions to defend their rights and interests).
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