Geographically widespread species present challenges for conservation assessment. We used long‐term spotlight surveys to assess spatiotemporal dynamics of bare‐nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus), encompassing 34 years of surveys for the Tasmanian mainland sub‐species (V. u. tasmaniensis, 1985–2018) and 25 years for the Flinders Island sub‐species (V. u. ursinus, 1994–2018). Wombat populations increased on the Tasmanian mainland by 2.59 times and on Flinders Island by 3.51 times ( truex ¯ = 1.05 and 1.1 times increase/yr, respectively). At smaller spatial scales on mainland Tasmania, increases in wombat counts generally occurred within meteorological regions and regional zones, except for the Central North (West Tamar) region where a decrease in wombats is linked to a sarcoptic mange disease epizootic. We used generalized additive models to assess relationships between variables and wombat counts. The most supported variables at the mainland Tasmania scale were (in order of importance) year, positive associations with time‐lagged minimum temperature, Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) counts, and moonlight, and a negative association with time‐lagged rainfall. Among meteorological regions, variables associated with wombat counts exhibited some heterogeneity, with temperature and rainfall the most frequently associated variables. Our long‐term, large‐scale, and ecologically diverse analysis of bare‐nosed wombats supports spotlight monitoring as a valuable, relatively simple, and affordable survey method in Tasmania and beyond. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

Multiple studies have shown a protective effect for physical activity on the incidence of colorectal cancer, but few have addressed its association with incident adenomas and none have investigated its association with metachronous adenomas. We interviewed 2,001 patients undergoing colonoscopy in 3 New York City practices between 1986-1988. Of these, 298 had a first diagnosis of adenomas, 506 had normal colonoscopies, I97 had metachronous adenomas and 345 had normal colonoscopies with a past history of adenomas. Subjects were queried regarding use of moderate amounts of recreational exercise (swimming, jogging, biking, racket sports and other sports) on a regular basis, and were also asked to estimate their level of physical activity. Occupational physical activity was assessed through a blinded coding of occupational titles. After adjusting for age, years of education, body mass index, total caloric intake, dietary fiber intake, dietary fat intake and years of cigarette smoking, protective effects of borderline significance were observed among males for leisure physical activity for metachronous and incident cases. Occupational physical activity was found to be significantly protective in male incident cases. Men with increased levels of either occupational or leisure activity showed a reduction for incident and metachronous cases. No effects were observed for females. Thus, in this study, both leisure and occupational physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of incident and metachronous adenomas among men but not women. These studies have investigated both leisure timc activity and occupational physical activity. The importance of physical activity as a preventive agent is enhanced by the fact that it is a modifiable lifestyle factor, thus offering the opportunity for prevention and intervention strategies. In addition, its protective effects against coronary artery disease and possibly other cancers enhance its value in future public health programs.Adenomatous SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe collected patients undergoing colonoscopy in three private practices in New York City between April, 1986-March, 1988. To be eligible, subjects were required to have had a complete colonoscopy (defined as beyond the splenic flexure; 90% of our subjects had colonoscopy to the cecum); to be English-or Spanish-speaking; to live in the tristate area (New York, New Jersey and Connecticut); to have no prior diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IRD); and to be between ages 35-84 years. Of the 3,008 patients who underwent colonoscopy during this time frame, 2,443 (81.8%) were eligible for our study. Of the eligible patients, 2,001 (81.9%) were successfully interviewed. Most of the colonoscopies were conducted for symptoms such as rectal bleeding.Intervicws were conducted both by telcphonc (71%) and by mailed questionnaire (29%) with follow-up tclcphone calls to complete incomplete items, generally 2-10 weeks following colonoscopy. The questionnaire collected information on demographics, lifcstylc, past medical history a...