In theory, linkages between hierarchical forest management planning levels ensure coherent disaggregation of long-term wood supply allocation as input for short-term demand-driven harvest planning. In practice, these linkages may be ineffective, and solutions produced may be incoherent in terms of volume and value-creation potential of harvested timber. Systematic incoherence between planned and implemented forest management activities may induce drift of forest system state (i.e., divergence of planned and actual system state trajectories), thus compromising credibility and performance of the forest management planning process. We describe hierarchical forest management from a game-theoretic perspective and present an iterative two-phase model simulating interaction between long- and short-term planning processes. Using an illustrative case study, we confirm the existence of a systematic drift effect, which we attribute to ineffective linkages between long- and short-term planning. In several simulated scenarios, the planning process fails to ensure long-term wood supply sustainability, fails to reliably meet industrial fiber demand over time, and exacerbates incoherence between wood supply and fiber demand over several planning iterations. We show that manipulating linkages between long- and short-term planning processes can reduce incoherence and describe future work on game-theoretic planning process model formulations that may improve hierarchical planning process performance.
The classic wood supply optimisation model maximises even-flow harvest levels, and implicitly assumes infinite fibre demand. In many jurisdictions, this modelling assumption is a poor fit for actual fibre consumption, which is typically a subset of total fibre allocation. Failure of the model to anticipate this bias in industrial wood fibre consumption has been linked to increased risk of wood supply failure. In particular, we examine the distributed wood supply planning problem where the roles of forest owner and fibre consumer are played by independent agents. We use game theory to frame interactions between public forest land managers and industrial fibre consumers. We show that the distributed wood supply planning problem can be modelled more accurately using a bilevel formulation, and present an extension of the classic wood supply optimisation model which explicitly anticipates industrial fibre consumption behaviour. We present a solution methodology that can solve a convex special case of the problem to global optimality, and compare output and solution times of classic and bilevel model formulations using a computational experiment on a realistic dataset. Experimental results show that the bilevel formulation can mitigate risk of wood supply failure.Key words: forest management, fibre procurement, annual allowable cut, industrial consumption, bilevel model, game theory. Résumé : La formulation classique du modèle d'optimisation de la possibilité forestière maximise le rendement soutenu, et pose l'hypothèse implicite que la demande de fibre est infinie. Dans plusieurs juridictions, cette hypothèse représente mal la réelle consommation de fibre, qui est typiquement un sous-ensemble de l'attribution totale. L'incapacité du modèle classique de prévoir l'effet de ce biais entre la possibilité forestière et la consommation réelle est liéeà une hausse du risque de ruptures de stock. En particulier, nous examinons le problème de planification distribuée de l'approvisionnement en bois où des agents indépendants jouent les rôles de propriétaire de la ressource forestière et de consommateur de la fibre. Nous utilisons la théorie du jeu pour encadrer les interactions entre le gestionnaire de la ressource et le consommateur industriel. Nous démontrons que le problème de planification distribuée de l'approvisionnement en bois peutêtre modélisé plus justement avec une formulation biniveau, et nous présentons une extension du modèle d'optimisation classique pouvant anticiper le comportement du consommateur de fibre industriel. Nous présentons une méthodologie pour résoudre un cas spécial convexeà l'optimalité globale, et nous comparons les performances expérimentales des formulations classiques et biniveauxà l'aide d'un jeu de données synthétique réaliste. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que le modèle biniveau peux atténuer le risque de ruptures de stock.Mots clés : planification forestière, approvisonnement en fibre, possibilité forestière, consommation industrielle, modèle biniveau, théorie du jeu. In C...
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