Ancistrus Kner, 1854 is a diverse catfish genus, currently comprising 66 valid species, but karyotype data were recorded for 33 species, although only ten have their taxonomic status defined. Considerable karyotype diversity has been found within this genus, with 2n varying from 34 to 54 and structural variability including heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In many cases, uncertainty on the taxonomic status of the study populations hampers reliable interpretation of the complex chromosomal evolutionary history of the group. This study aims to present the first karyotype data for a population of the Ancistrus sp. collected in Criminoso stream (tributary of the Paraguay River Basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) in which a combination of different chromosomal markers was used and results integrated in broad discussion on karyotype evolution in the genus. The specimens presented 2n=42 with 18m+16sm+8st and a single NOR revealed by silver nitrate and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe, located in pair No. 10. Clusters of 5S rDNA were located in the pericentromeric region of three chromosomes: pair No. 1 (metacentric) and one of the homologues of the nucleolar pair No. 10. Heterogeneity in the molecular composition of the heterochromatin was confirmed by the association of C-banding and fluorochrome CMA3/DAPI-staining. Exploring the differential composition of constitutive heterochromatin in Ancistrus may provide an important perspective to understand genome organization and evolution within this group. Our data reinforce the chromosomal diversity present in Ancistrus genus and we discuss the potential sources these variation. The karyotype structure of Ancistrus sp. “Criminoso stream” appears to be consistent with the existence of a new candidate species.
A cytogenetic analysis based on the integration of a number of different chromosomal methodologies, including chromosome microdissection was carried out to characterize the chromosomally polymorphic Hypostomusregani population from the Paraguay River basin, state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. All specimens had 2n=72 (FN=116) but two distinct karyotype formulas: karyomorph A (12m+14sm+18s+28a) and karyomorph B (13m+14sm+17st+28a). Karyomorph A and B differed only for pair 19 that consisted of two subtelocentrics in karyomorph A and a large metacentric and a subtelocentric in karyomorph B. This heteromorphism was due to extensive heterochromatinization of the short arm of the large metacentric, as highlighted by C-banding. The microdissection of the large metacentric of pair 19 allowed the production of a probe, named HrV (Hypostomusregani Variant), that hybridized to the whole p arm of the large metacentric and the pericentromeric region of the short arm of its (subtelocentric) homologue (karyomorph B) and of both homologs of pair 19 in karyomorph A. Additional cytogenetic techniques (FISH with 18S and 5S rDNA probes, CMA3 and DAPI staining) allowed a finer distinction of the two karyomorphs. These results reinforced the hypothesis that the novel large metacentric of H.regani (karyomorph B) was the result of the amplification of heterochromatin segments, which contributed to karyotypic diversification in this species.
Hypostomus (Loricariidae) destaca-se na família pela grande diversidade cariotípica numérica (2n=64-84) e estrutural, envolvendo diferenças nas fórmulas cromossômicas até mesmo dentro da mesma espécie. Esta variabilidade pode ser melhor avaliada com a utilização de diferentes marcadores cromossômicos, os quais revelam uma diversidade críptica neste grupo. Estudos prévios em uma população de H. regani coletada no rio Taquari (bacia do rio Paraguai, Coxim, MS) revelaram 2n=72 cromossomos, porém, dois cariomorfos, sendo cariomorfo A com 12m+14sm+18st+28a e no cariomorfo B, 13m+14sm+17st+28a. O cariomorfo B é caracterizado por um intrigantante heteromorfismo de tamanho envolvendo o par cromossômico 19, constituído por um homólogo subtelocêntrico e por um cromossomo metacêntrico grande, o maior do complemento. Essa condição é observada em 43,74% de nossa amostra e independe do sexo do indivíduo analisado. O metacentrico apresentou o braço curto totalmente heterocromático (banda C positivo) e sequências ricas em CG, reveladas por CMA3. Portanto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo, complementar os dados sobre a natureza molecular da heterocromatina nos cromossomos de H. regani, com ênfase no par heteromórfico, através do FISH com sequências de microssatélites (GA)15 e (CA)15. Foram evidenciados clusters de repetições (CA)15 principalmente nas regiões subterminais e pericentroméricas na maioria dos cromossomos do complemento. Adicionalmente, detectamos sinais discretos de hibridação na região insterticial de ambos os braços e marcações nas regiões subterminais no par de cromossomos que contém o cromossomo heteromorfo. Clusters de (GA)15 foram evidenciados nas regiões subterminais e pericentricas de vários cromossomos, destacando-se marcações subterminais, e no par 19 com o cromossomo heteromórfico, observou-se clusters em ambas regiões subterminais e uma discreta marcação intersticial no braço longo do heteromorfo. Estes resultados contribuem com dados sobre a composição molecular heterogênea da heterocromatina no genoma desta espécie e revela importante papel dos elementos repetitivos na evolução cariotípica da mesma.Apoio financeiro: CAPES-PBC/UEM
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.