The article describes methods for spherical visualizing of data as global geophysical, environmental, atmospheric processes on the surface of planets and different kinds of processes on the surface of spherical bodies. Such data can be demonstrated through virtual globes and spherical screens. Volumetric visualization significantly increases the degree of visibility, comprehension and assimilation of the demonstrated content and may be used in the scientific and educational process. The main goal of this research is to develop database requirements for spherical visualization. The requirements are based on the modern educational and science research representation approaches. The following tasks have been formed and accomplished: a strict classification of data; a convenient way to interact at the stage of adding data to the database and analyzing; their representativeness; introduction of additional data classifications; the possibility of individual user navigation and a high degree of inter-activity. For the proposed model, the basic functions of the database management system are described. Requirements to a basic hierarchical data model were substantiated. The main object of hierarchical data model is a spherical Slide representing a separate topic of particular discipline. The superstructure is used above the hierarchical model in the form of an individual route map representing a directory with links to the main database.

A unique geoinformation service “The Interactive Geology Atlas” has been created and launched based on the data obtained by the Authors during years of research and evaluation of integrated biostratigraphic, paleomagnetic and sedimentological data as well as published references materials. The Interactive Atlas includes geological sections comprehensively studied, described and mapped. Contrary to analogous services, the Atlas covers more territory of Paratethys and time laps and allows to add various content depending on the user requirements. All maps (basemaps) are available for study both individually and joint for comprehensive analysis through the compiling the unified legend to all layers and maps. The combination of different data allows to track how the paleogeographic conditions of the Paratethys territory have evolved and to highlight the main events associated with fluctuations in climate, salinity, etc. Besides being scientifically interesting, the Atlas can become useful in geologic exploration with a view to evaluate the potential areas of mineral resources. For instance, paleogeographic maps are crucial in this regard. FAIR principles have become the reference criteria for improving datasets: Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability.

In this paper various graphic formats were reviewed as resources for web virtual globe. Interactive spherical visualization (ISV) platform called “Orbus” was considered as an example of a graphic resources repository for web virtual globe. Various raster and vector static and dynamic cartographic layers can be set as resources of applications of this type. Such data should fulfill requirements for high informativeness with a minimum disk volume. In this paper traditional formats used for geodata storing, as well as becoming popular formats that can be adapted to work with geodata were explored. As a result of the analysis of the characteristics of common raster formats, the optimized raster format WebP (in the lossless specification), as well as the associated WebM media container, were selected as the most efficient. As a result of analysis of the characteristics of common vector formats, conclusions about their limitations in visual design of the virtual globe were made.

The paper describes the course of the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of mathematical statistics and discrete mathematical analysis (DMA) methods. The method of regression derivatives and FCARS algorithm as components of DMA will be for the first time tested outside of geophysics problems. The algorithm is applied to time series of the number of new cases of COVID-19 infections per day for some regions of Russia and the Republic of Austria. This allowed to assess the nature and anomalies of pandemic spread as well as restrictive measures and decisions taken in terms of the administration of countries and territories. It was shown that these methods can be used to identify time intervals of change in the nature of the incidence rate and areas with the most severe course of the epidemic. This made it possible to identify the most significant restrictive measures that allowed to reduce the growth of the disease.