No abstract

В условиях интенсивного развития новых отечественных и зарубежных технологий, материалов и оборудования, применяемых для защиты окружающей природной среды от загрязнений техногенного происхождения, особую актуальность приобретают разработки новых систем отвода и очистки поверхностных сточных вод. Эти системы позволяют использовать последние достижения отраслевой науки и оптимизировать алгоритм выполнения операций и практических приемов их гидравлического расчета. Примером является инновационная система отвода поверхностных сточных вод АСО Qmax, которая относится к открытой системе каналов (лотков) для сбора и отведения поверхностных сточных вод, формирующихся при выпадении атмосферных осадков. Однако широкому применению данного вида конструкций в России препятствует отсутствие методики их гидравлического расчета, в том числе таблиц для подбора сечений (диаметров) каналов, которая бы удовлетворяла требованиям российской нормативно-методической базы проектирования систем отведения поверхностных сточных вод. В этой связи предметом данной статьи явилась оценка гидравлических характеристик трубопроводов, каналов (лотков) системы водоотвода АСО Qmax. Приведены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований гидравлических характеристик системы АСО Qmaxс учетом адаптации для российских условий и нормативных требований, а также обоснование рекомендуемых параметров для их использования. In the context of the intensive development of new domestic and foreign technologies, materials and equipment used to protect the environment from anthropogenic pollution, the development of advanced systems for surface runoff removal and treatment is of special actuality. These systems provide for using the latest achievements of the sectoral science and optimizing the algorithm for performing operations and practical methods for the hydraulic calculations. An example of the innovative surface runoff disposal system is ASO Qmax, that refers to an open system of channels for the collection and disposal of surface runoff formed during precipitation. However, the widespread use of these facilities in Russia is hampered by the lack of a method for the hydraulic calculations, including tables for the selection of cross-sections (diameters) of channels that meet the requirements of the Russian guidelines and regulations for the design of surface runoff disposal systems. In this regard, the subject of this paper is the estimation of the hydraulic characteristics of pipelines, channels of ASO Qmax drainage system. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the hydraulic characteristics of ASO Qmax system with account of the adaptation for the Russian conditions and regulatory requirements, as well as the justification of the recommended parameters for their use are presented.

Introduction. The analysis of the Russian normative and methodological documents, as well as research articles, has identified gaps in the development and practical implementation of hydraulic electronic models of existing water supply systems. The user guide of the software products, used to design these models, merely demonstrates the capabilities of software modules and misses the outcome of their application in certain cases. Decree No. 782 issued by the RF Government on September 5, 2013, being the document that regulates the development of electronic models of water supply systems, lists the requirements applied to software. The document, titled Construction regulations SP 31.13330.2012, has the requirements applicable to the hydraulic analysis of water supply system designs. This suggests that the Russian regulatory environment has no document that contains the basic requirements governing the development and detailing of hydraulic electronic models of water supply systems. This is an essential problem of urban utility networks, since the hydraulic electronic model is the basis for any further actions in strict accordance with which a development plan of a centralized urban water supply system is designed. Materials and methods. The article has a scientific review of the problem of design of electronic hydraulic models of centralized water supply systems and basic principles and approaches to electronic model generation. Results. The co-authors provide a detailed description of a methodology used to develop a model of urban water supply systems as well as the requirements set by foreign standards. Conclusions. Model development and calibration is structured in the article. This information is needed to adjust the characteristics of the designed model to a water supply system in operation.

The subject of the paper is the reliability and environmental safety of water supply and sewer pipelines of public water supply and sanitation systems. It is shown that the steadily increasing rate of deterioration of water supply and sewer networks in cities and communities in Russia, the limitations of material resources for their rehabilitation have aggravated the problem of ensuring their reliability in recent years. The paper presents the reasons for the low reliability of pipelines. It is shown that the determining criterion for the environmental safety of pipelines is reliability - one of the main quality indicators of any structure (system). The research method was a statistical estimation of the reliability indicators of water supply and sewer pipelines, and an analysis of the factors that shape their change. The paper results in suggestions for a planning strategy of the rehabilitation and renovation of pipelines and reduction of all types of water losses.