The effects of subcutaneous injections of melatonin (50, 100 and 200 \ g=m\ g. / 100 g. body weight) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (100, 200 and 400 \g=m\g./100g.) on the production of aldosterone and corticosterone by the adrenal glands of intact and hypophysectomized adult male rats were investigated.Melatonin increased the production of corticosterone significantly and depressed simultaneously the production of aldosterone. In the hypophysectomized rats, melatonin was without effect. 5-Hydroxytryptamine increased the production of corticosterone but did not change that of aldosterone. The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on corticosterone production was abolished by hypophysectomy.The possibility of the existence of a pituitary-dependent aldosterone\x=req-\ inhibiting mechanism is discussed.

РезюмеЦель исследования. Определить влияние стресса на рабочем месте на отношение риска (ОР; HR) развития инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) и инсульта в открытой популяции женщин 25-64 лет в течение 16 лет в России/Сибири (Новосибирск). Материалы и методы. В рамках программы ВОЗ «MONICA-психосоциальная» в 1994 г. обследована случайная репрезентативная выборка 870 женщин в возрасте 25-64 лет -жительниц одного из района Новосибирска. Стресс на рабочем месте изучен с использованием шкалы Карасека; отношение к работе и профилактическим проверкам своего здоровья исследовано при помощи шкалы «Знание и отношение к своему здоровью» программы ВОЗ «MONICA-психосоциальная». В течение 16 лет (с 1994 по 2010 г.) в когорте исследовали все впервые возникшие случаи ИМ и инсульта с использованием программы ВОЗ «Регистр острого ИМ», всей возможной медицинской документации. Регрессионную модель Кокса использовали для определения ОР развития ИМ и инсульта в открытой популяции женщин 25-64 лет в течение 16 лет. Результаты. Распространенность высокого уровня стресса в открытой популяции женщин 25-64 лет составила 31,6%. Высокий уровень стресса на работе ассоциировался с высокой ответственностью, невозможностью отдохнуть в конце рабочего дня, частой профессиональной неудовлетворенностью и снижением трудоспособности. В течение 16 лет ОР развития ИМ был в 3,22 раза (p<0,05), инсульта -в 1,96 раза (p<0,05) выше у женщин с высоким уровнем стресса на работе. Частота возникновения ИМ и инсульта выше у замужних женщин, испытывающих стресс на работе, в категории «руководитель» и «физический труд» с высоким и низким уровнем образования. Заключение. Распространенность высокого уровня стресса на рабочем месте в открытой популяции России/Сибири (Новосибирск) у женщин 25-64 лет значительна. При нем ОР развития ИМ, инсульта в 3-2 раза выше, чем без высокого уровня стресса. На ОР развития ИМ, инсульта влияет социальный градиент. Results. The prevalence of high-level stress in the open female population aged 25-64 years was 31.6%. The high level of job stress was associated with a high responsibility, impossibility to have a rest at the end of a working day, frequent professional dissatisfaction, and a reduced work capacity. During 16 years, the women having high-level job stress showed a 3.22-and 1.96-fold increases in the HR of MI (p<0.05) and stroke (p<0.05), respectively. The incidence of MI and stroke was higher in married women expressing job stress as managers or manual laborers and having high and low educational attainment. Conclusion. The prevalence of high-level workplace stress was substantial in the open population of 25-64-year-old women in Russia/Siberia (Novosibirsk). The stress-related HR of MI and stroke was 3-2 times higher than in those without high-level stress. The HR of MI and stroke is affected by a social gradient.

Purpose: To determine gender differences in trends of social support levels in an open population aged 25-64 years over long-term period - 23 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1994-95 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n = 1527, 43% males, mean age 44.85 ± 0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34,9% males, mean age 54,25±0,2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43,8% males, mean age 34,5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 гг.( n=663, 41,3% years 51,95±0,32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. АААА-А17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Social support is assessed using the Berkman-Syme scale. The index of close contacts (ICC) and social networks (SNI) was assessed. Results: In 1994, a high prevalence of a low level of close contacts was established in an open population of 25-64 years, more pronounced among men compared with women (62% vs 56.8%). In 2003 and 2013, there was a trend towards a decrease in the frequency of the low close contact index to 46-50%, although the ICC levels did not differ by gender. In 2017, on the contrary, women were 14.4% more likely to show a lack of close contacts compared to men, especially in the 45-54 age group, where the low ICC rate exceeded the 1994 level. The prevalence of low SNI in an open population of 25-64 years in 1994 was similar for men and women and was 77%. In 2003-2005, women in older age groups showed a slight increase in the frequency of low SNI levels up to 80.1%. By 2013, a downward trend in the frequency of low SNI among young age groups of both sexes was established, but this trend turned out to be unstable, and after a short period of time the SNI indicators returned to the 1994 levels. Conclusion: In the period 1994-2005, a high level of social isolation among men and women was determined in the open population. By 2017, the clear trend in the increase in the level of social interactions changed to a negative side, especially among women in the 45-54 age group.

No abstract