The aim of the study was to compare the segmental body composition with the use of fat–fat-free (FFF) index in children at early school age, depending on sex and place of residence, with particular emphasis on urban and rural areas. The study consisted of 329 children aged 7.78 (SD = 0.88; mean age in years). The study group was divided according to the place of residence and sex. The height and body mass, Body Mass Index (BMI), segmental body composition (Tanita BC-418MA), and FFF were calculated. A more frequent occurrence of excessive body weight was observed in children from rural areas (over 20%) compared to their peers from the urban area (10%). Statistically significant lower values of FFF index as well as in the lower limbs and torso were observed in the case of the examined children from the urban area as compared with their peers from the rural areas. The body composition of children living in metropolitan and rural areas is diverse. Lower values of FFF indexes were found in children from the city than in children living in villages. There are more children in the city with signs of being underweight and of normative body mass and paradoxically more overweight ones in the village.

Background: Underweight and obesity are important factors affecting the level of physical fitness.

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Background: the aim of the study was to compare the body surface temperature of regular winter swimmers before and after immersion in ice-cold water.Methods: the group studied comprised 20 male members of the club wrocławskie Morsy (of 38.1 +/-1 2.6 years of age, body height 1.75 +/-0.7 (m), body mass 77.2 +/-10 (kg), bMI 25.1 +/-2.8 (kg/m