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Introduction: Micro-osteoperforation (MOP) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) are rapidly gaining popularity in clinical practice due their proven success in accelerating tooth movement and acceptable patient compliance. However, literature shows an inconsistent and variable evidence of their iatrogenic effects on the root and pulp due to biological variations of the samples chosen by the previously studies. Aim: To evaluate and compare the rate of tooth movement, changes in amount of external root resorption and pulp vitality in teeth during en masse anterior retraction associated with MOP and LLLT using split mouth technique. Materials and Methods: This was a double blinded, single center split mouth randomised clinical trial conducted at Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India from March 2019 to October 2019. Total of 11 patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion which required all four first premolar extractions were included in the study. Nickel Titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs were used for en masse retraction in upper and lower arches with force of 150g per side. Root resorption of all anterior teeth was evaluated using Cone Beam Computed Tomography systems (CBCT) and pulp vitality was checked using cold test after 4 months. The data was entered in Microsoft excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 18.5 (SPSS Inc, Chicago) software was used for data entry and statistical analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Total of 11 patients in which 9 were females and 2 males aged between 18-30 years with mean age 19±4.21 year, participated in this trial. LLLT (4 mm) and MOP (4.05 mm) showed similar performance in acceleration of tooth compared to each other. The overall root resorption was more in the experimental groups (LLLT- 2.60 mm, MOP- 2.84 mm) compared to the allotted controls. However, the canine showed less root resorption in both the experimental groups compared to the control. The overall root resorption was similar in both the experimental groups. The canine in LLLT group (0.30 mm) showed less root resorption compared to canine in MOP group (0.59 mm). There was no change in the pulp vitality status in both the experimental groups and the control groups. Conclusion: The overall root resorption in a given quadrant increases with increased rate of tooth movement. The tooth which was subjected to acceleratory orthodontic technique showed less root resorption compared to control. The tooth subjected to LLLT showed less root resorption as compared to the tooth subjected to MOP.

Introduction: Fluoride agents to prevent white spot lesions are used often during orthodontic treatment. The beneficial effects of fluoride, when consumed within permissible limits on dental structures, are well known. Their implications on underlying biological tissues, however, are unknown. Mouthwashes and dentifrices with fluorides are associated with metal ion release into the mouth with possible cell genotoxicity. Since these cariostatic agents are frequently used during orthodontic therapy, a deeper understanding of the effects of fluoride on oral tissues was considered necessary. Methodology: Three groups of patients (30 each)—group 1 (untreated controls), group 2 (non-fluoridated), and group 3 (Fluoridated) were analyzed. Patients in groups 2 and 3 were bonded with the same bracket prescription and treated with similar archwire sequences. Buccal mucosal cells at 4 specific time periods (before treatment, 1 week, 30 days, and 6 months) were collected, using a wooden tongue depressor, and assessed for any nuclear abnormalities. Comparisons of changes were made with an untreated control group and also between the non-fluoridated and fluoridated groups. Relevant conclusions were drawn after analysis of the results. Results: Greater number of nuclei were observed at the 30-day time interval in the fluoridated group, which was statistically significant at P < .001. Conclusion: Use of fluoridated oral hygiene products in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with NiTi archwires could increase the risk of micronuclei formation in buccal mucosal cells.

Mandibular arch distalisation is a non extraction camouflage treatment modality for class III malocclusion, and the introduction of skeletal anchorage devices has enabled its use with minimal patient compliance and reciprocal side effects. The aim of this case report was to show the efficacy of the retromolar fossa as a suitable skeletal anchorage site for mandibular dentition distalisation. Inter-radicular miniscrews are the most commonly used forms of skeletal anchorage; however, they are often problematic in the mandible because of their high failure rate in the posterior region. In order to avoid these issues, some clinicians place miniscrews extraradicularly in the buccal shelf area or in the retromolar area. This approach is demonstrated through a case report of an 18- years-old male patient with a chief complaint of extra teeth and spacing in the upper front teeth. The diagnosis formulated was a Class III skeletal pattern, anterior divergence, Angle’s Class III malocclusion with an edge-to-edge bite and presence of mesiodens in the premaxillary region. The treatment approach was to use skeletal anchorage to distalize the mandibular arch with ramal plates after extraction of the mandibular third molars, since the patient refused the surgical treatment. At the 1 year follow-up appointment, there was no noticeable relapse or signs or symptoms of adverse effects like gingival recession, mobility and bone loss.

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