BMAC injection significantly improved both knee pain and functions in the patients with degenerative arthritis of knee. Also, the injection would be more effective in early to moderate phases.

If the original site of the PT's attachment cannot be seen, the recommendation of the femoral tunnel for the PT reconstruction should be located at the postero-inferior site as compared with the LCL attachment in the fully extended position.

The purpose of this study was to compare early postoperative outcomes between arthroscopic and mini-open repair for rotator cuff tears smaller than 3 cm to determine whether arthroscopic repair causes less postoperative pain and allows for faster recovery of range of motion. Sixty patients scheduled for rotator cuff repair were randomized to either an arthroscopic repair group (30 patients) or a mini-open repair group (30 patients). Pain level, range of motion, shoulder stiffness, and complications were compared between the 2 groups from immediately postoperatively to 6 months postoperatively. Although no statistically significant difference was found in mean visual analog scale pain scores between the 2 groups during the 6 months postoperatively, mean visual analog scale pain score was significantly lower in the arthroscopic repair group compared with the mini-open repair group at postoperative days 1 and 2 (P=.02 and P=.04, respectively). No significant difference existed in postoperative range of motion, duration of rehabilitation, shoulder stiffness, or complications between the 2 groups; however, the use of additional analgesics in the arthroscopic repair group was significantly lower than in the mini-open repair group (P=.03). Arthroscopic and mini-open repair had equivalent clinical outcomes in the early postoperative period. The hypothesis that arthroscopic repair would cause less postoperative pain and allow faster recovery of range of motion in the early postoperative period compared with mini-open repair was not supported.

The spontaneous and serial rupture of the bilateral Achilles tendons without history of significant trauma is an uncommon complication in long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients. The majority of these patients have additional predisposing factors, such as previous use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics or corticosteroids. In general, this condition is associated with a coexisting systemic disease, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), secondary hyperparathyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, we report a 46-year-old man who had been undergoing regular HD for 11 years. He developed a spontaneous and consecutive rupture of both Achilles tendons. Based on previous reports of tendon ruptures in uremic patients and on the patient's lack of corticosteroid or fluoroquinolone use, we believe that secondary hyperparathyroidism was the predisposing factor in this patient. The mechanism seems to be related to a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, which results in osteolytic bone resorption at the tendon insertion site. Treatment and prevention of such tendon ruptures include early surgical repair and control of secondary hyperparathyroidism, by use of vitamin D analogs, and total parathyroidectomy, with or without autotransplantation of a parathyroid gland.

For comminuted shaft fracture of clavicle, the operative goal, aside from sound bone healing without complications of direct reduction, is maintenance of the original length in order to maintain the normal biomechanics of adjacent joint. Our bridge plating technique utilizing distraction through a lumbar spreader was expected to be effective for restoring clavicular length with soft tissue preservation. However, there are two disadvantages. First, there is more exposure to radiation compared to conventional plating; and second, it is difficult to control the rotational alignment. Despite these disadvantages, our technique has important benefits, in particular, the ability to preserve clavicular length without soft tissue injury around the fracture site.