ObjectiveTo evaluate corneal sensitivity and adverse events following subconjunctival administration of three local anesthetics in horses.Study designRandomized, masked, crossover study.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult mares.MethodsThe subconjunctival space of the treated eye was injected with 0.2 mL of liposomal bupivacaine (1.3%), ropivacaine (0.5%), or mepivacaine (2%). All horses received each medication once and the contralateral eye received saline (control). Corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured using a Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer before sedation, after sedation, and at specified intervals until it returned to baseline. Ocular examinations were performed at 24‐, 72, and 168 h post‐injection to monitor for adverse effects.ResultsThe mean total time of anesthesia (TTA) was 168.3 min for ropivacaine, 169.2 min for liposomal bupivacaine, 103.3 min for mepivacaine and 30.7 min for the control. TTA for liposomal bupivacaine (p < .001) and ropivacaine (p = .001) was longer than the control. TTA for mepivacaine was not different from the control (p = .138), liposomal bupivacaine (p = .075) or ropivacaine (p = .150). Injection site hemorrhage reduced TTA regardless of treatments (p = .047). No adverse effects attributed to injections were noted.ConclusionAll three medications were well tolerated. Subconjunctival administration of ropivacaine and liposomal bupivacaine resulted in longer TTAs compared to the control; however, their TTAs were not different from that of mepivacaine.Clinical significanceSubconjunctivally administered liposomal bupivacaine and ropivacaine are viable options to provide prolonged corneal analgesia in horses. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy in diseased eyes.

Background: Several studies have shown the correlation between ocular biometry with refractive errors. Since these parameters can be influenced by race, ethnicity, and genetics, their differences between different populations can probably explain the differences in refractive errors. We present the biometric values measured in 431 eyes with normal, short, long, and extremely long axial length (AL) from the Latin American population. Patients and Methods: All eye measurements were performed using optical biometry with IOL Master and stratified according to AL and anterior chamber depth (ACD) and evaluated in relation to each other. Symmetry between right eye (RE) and left eye (LE) was also analyzed. Setting: The study was conducted at Private practice, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Results: ACD, white-to-white (WTW), and average keratometries (K) increase as AL increases in normal, short, and long eyes, but this correlation is not maintained in extremely long eyes. Most of the short eyes and eyes with normal AL have a normal ACD, but most of the long and extremely long eyes have an ACD >2.5 mm. In normal and short eyes, the AL and WTW are symmetric in both eyes, but in long and extremely long eyes, there are significant differences between RE and LE. ACD is symmetric in RE and LE regardless of AL. Conclusions: The importance of the ocular biometry in Latin American eyes relies on clarifying the assumptions of biometric measurements commonly used in various areas of ophthalmology including intraocular lens calculation formulas.

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