The diagnostic value of the 9P21 gene determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) expression detection by immunohistochemistry, was investigated in serous effusion samples of malignant mesothelioma. A total of 70 serous disease samples with serous effusion were collected from June 2017 to June 2020. Following biopsy specimen pathological diagnosis, samples were divided into malignant mesothelioma and benign mesothelioma. Differential expression of BAP1 and MTAP genes were identified in mesothelioma and mesenchymal hyperplasia. The 9P21 gene fragment was lost in mesothelioma. The positive rates of FISH, BAP1 and MTAP in biopsy specimens were 98.00, 94.00 and 90.00%. The specificity of the three were 96.00, 85.71 and 77.27%, the sensitivity were 90.00, 95.92 and 93.75%, and the positive rate of the combined detection of the three was 93.33%. The positive rate of serous fluid samples detected by the three methods (9P21 FISH probe combined with BAP1 and MTAP expression detected immunohistochemically) was 96.00, 92.00 and 88.00%, the specificity were 90.00, 77.27 and 71.43%, the sensitivity was 96.00, 93.75 and 89.80%, and the positive rate of the three combined detections was 91.33%. It was demonstrated that there was a high consistency between serous fluid samples and biopsy samples. According to clinicopathological analysis, sex, age, lesion site, Ki67 had little association with the occurrence and development of malignant mesothelioma, while asbestos exposure history was closely associated to the occurrence of mesothelioma. A high level of BAP1 gene was positively associated with the prognosis of mesothelioma, while a high level of MTAP gene was negatively associated with the prognosis of mesothelioma (P<0.05). Therefore, 9P21 FISH probe combined with BAP1 and MTAP can be used as a new method for the detection of malignant mesothelioma, and provide an important basis for the early diagnosis of mesothelioma.

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the significance of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of clinicopathology, immune-cell infiltration and survival prognosis. A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed using studies retrieved with PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The meta-analysis suggested that, compared with normal tissues, SPARC expression was elevated in NSCLC tissues. The expression of SPARC was not significantly associated with TNM stage and lymph-node metastasis, and was positively associated with patient gender. Regarding the differential expression of SPARC and the relationship between expression levels and survival, the Oncomine database was consulted and Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn. It was indicated that SPARC mRNA expression levels were higher in NSCLC tissues than in normal tissues. Low expression of SPARC mRNA was negatively associated with overall survival, first progression survival and post-progression survival of patients. Further exploration of the relationship between SPARC expression and survival by univariate analysis indicated that TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and depth of infiltration of lung cancer were negatively associated with patient prognosis. Cox multifactorial analysis suggested that SPARC expression levels and TNM stage were risk factors significantly affecting the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Analysis with the GEPIA and UALCAN databases further indicated that the mRNA expression level of SPARC in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) was higher than that in normal lung tissue, and the SPARC expression levels were affected by factors such as the TNM stage of lung cancer.A lower the level of SPARC mRNA expression was associated with a better relative survival prognosis of patients. In the Human Protein Atlas database, the expression level of SPARC protein was higher in LUAD and LUSC than in normal lung tissue. In the Timer database, the expression level of SPARC was closely linked to immune cells related to the occurrence of lung cancer, and the degree of immune-cell infiltration and SPARC protein expression were closely related to the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Immune cells were indicated to exhibit significant inhibition of DNA proliferation mutation mechanisms in lung cancer (P<0.05). In summary, SPARC expression may be used as a valuable indicator of prognosis in patients with NSCLC, which may provide new approaches for preventative treatment.

Background. To investigate the value of SMO and GLI1 genes in the hedgehog pathway in malignant mesothelioma specimens. Further study on the expression and prognosis of SMO and GLI1 in malignant mesothelioma tissues and the relationship between the two and the molecular mechanisms of mesothelioma immunity and to further investigate the prognostic value of mesothelioma expression. Materials and Methods. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were applied to detect the expression of SMO and GLI1 proteins and mRNA in biopsy specimens and plasma cavity effusion specimens from malignant mesothelioma ( n = 130 ) and benign mesothelial tissues ( n = 50 ) and to analyze the clinicopathological significance and survival risk factors of SMO and GLI1 protein expression in mesothelioma. The mechanisms of mesothelioma cell expression and immune cell infiltration were investigated using bioinformatics methods. Results. SMO and GLI1 in mesothelioma tissues detected high concordance between the diagnostic results of mesothelioma biopsy specimens and plasma cavity effusion specimens. The expression levels of SMO and GLI1 protein and mRNA in mesothelioma tissues were higher than those in benign mesothelioma tissues. The expression levels of SMO and GLI1 protein were correlated with the age, site, and asbestos exposure history of patients with mesothelioma. The expression levels of SMO and GLI1 protein were correlated with the expressions of ki67 and p53 ( P < 0.05 ). SMO and GLI1 gene expression levels were negatively correlated with good prognosis in mesothelioma patients ( P < 0.05 ). Cox proportional risk model indicated that protein expressions of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, staging, and genes were independent prognostic factors of mesothelioma. The GEPIA database showed the overall survival rate and the disease-free survival rate of mesothelioma patients in the high SMO and GLI1 expression groups; the UALCAN database analysis showed lower SMO expression levels in mesothelioma patients with more pronounced TP53 mutations ( P = 0.001 ); GLI1 gene expression levels were strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis in mesothelioma patients ( P = 0.009 ). Timer database analysis showed that the mechanism of immune cell infiltration was closely related to SMO and GLI1 expression. The degree of immune cell infiltration was strongly correlated with the prognosis of mesothelioma patients ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The expression levels of both SMO and GLI1 proteins were higher than those of normal mesothelial tissues, and the mRNA expression levels also changed in the same direction. SMO and GLI1 gene expressions in mesothelioma were negatively correlated with age, site of occurrence, and history of asbestos exposure. Positive expression of SMO and GLI1 was negatively correlated with patient survival. The Cox proportional risk model showed that gender, history of asbestos exposure, site of occurrence, SMO, and GLI1 were independent prognostic factors for mesothelioma. The mechanism of immune cell infiltration in mesothelioma is closely related to the gene expression of both and the survival prognosis of mesothelioma patients.

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