The mineral chemistry of twenty chlorite samples from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) spectral library and two other regions, having a wide range of Fe and Mg contents and relatively constant Al and Si contents, was studied via infrared (IR) spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. More importantly, spectroscopic detection of mineral chemical variations in chlorites provides geologists with a tool with which to collect information on hydrothermal alteration zones from hyperspectral-resolution remote sensing data.

The integration of Landsat 8 OLI and ASTER data is an efficient tool for interpreting lead-zinc mineralization in the Huoshaoyun Pb-Zn mining region located in the west Kunlun mountains at high altitude and very rugged terrain, where traditional geological work becomes limited and time-consuming. This task was accomplished by using band ratios (BRs), principal component analysis, and spectral matched filtering methods. It is concluded that some BR color composites and principal components of each imagery contain useful information for lithological mapping. SMF technique is useful for detecting lead-zinc mineralization zones, and the results could be verified by handheld portable X-ray fluorescence analysis. Therefore, the proposed methodology shows strong potential of Landsat 8 OLI and ASTER data in lithological mapping and lead-zinc mineralization zone extraction in carbonate stratum. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

Aspects of carbonate mineralogy can be determined by the use of near-infrared spectra. We have carried out an experimental study of calcite and dolomite in carbonate rocks with near-infrared spectra and XRD analyses. A direct linear correlation was found between the absorption band positions and the calcite/(calcite + dolomite) ratios of carbonate rock samples. It may be useful for determining the calcite and dolomite contents of unanalyzed specimens, and for surface reflectance mapping by hyperspectral remote sensing.

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