Backgroud：The early diagnosis and treatment of HSIL is a key measure to prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer. Although the methods of cervical cancer screening are becoming more and more abundant, some patients still have unnecessary colposcopy referrals. This study aim to explore the value of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7 oncoproteinin cervical lesion screening and risk assessment of the prognosis for more effective colposcopy. Method: HPV16 E7 oncoprotein in cervical exfoliated cells was detected by using E7 Oncoprotein (HPV16) Diagnostic Kit (Magnetic Partical Chemiluminescence Method). In the first part, HPV16 E7 oncoprotein in different degrees of cervical lesions was retrospectively compared to find the best critical value; In the second part, the value of this test was verified ; In the third part, the women diagnosed as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) or normal were followed up for 3 years and the outcomes were compared. Results: In the first part, the expression of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein was positively correlated with the degree of cervical lesion; The critical value determined by ROC curve is 8.68ng/ml, which is accurate in the diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and invasive carcinoma of cervix (CA); In the second part, there were higher sensitivity(87.1) and specificity(70) for E7 oncoprotein; HPV16 E7 oncoprotein has higher consistency with pathological examination in detection of HSIL or cervical cancer（0.573 vs 0.369) than TCT; In the third part，HPV16 E7 oncoprotein has a high positive predictive value (82.4%) and positive likelihood ratio (4.43) for the prognosis of patients with LSIL and below. Conclusions: The status of HPV16E7 oncoprotein shows important clinical value for the detection and prediction of cervical lesions. Patients with positive HPV16 E7 oncoprotein are more likely to develop the disease and have a higher risk of disease progression.