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The education industry is gradually improving with the rapid development of information technology. The learners use networks and computers to alter the traditional instructional framework based on educational information technology and achieve personalized learning. This teaching method emphasizes each learner’s identity and autonomy. However, due to the huge number of learning resources available on the Internet, students lack relevant courses, clear learning tasks, and the connection between various knowledge points, resulting in an unsatisfactory effect on the learning process. Knowledge maps for different learner types are created using historical learners’ conceptual knowledge and the segmentation and correlation technique of big data knowledge maps. Using a big data method in this process will automatically generate a set of weak conceptual learning pathways. For this problem, in the era of big data, people put forward the concept of knowledge map and used the algorithm based on the big data knowledge map to study the personalized learning path for college French. The content, structure, and relationship of college French knowledge points can be accurately expressed using this method, which is preferred by college administrators and teachers. This paper aims to investigate the personalized learning path for college French using a big data knowledge map, starting with the characteristics of a college French field of study. This study provides technical support in the establishment of a big data knowledge map based on a learning path recommendation framework. So, after the performance of several commonly used learning path recommendation algorithms, three French students have been selected at random for learning path planning. The results show that personalized learning path planning can be realized based on a knowledge map pre-repair relationship and objective attributes. In the analysis, not only the proposed technique is compared with the conventional optimization approach, but also a comparison study on the benefits of several learning effect prediction models is also performed. The results of this study suggest that this algorithm has a high learning efficiency and that the effective implementation of recommendations produced using our proposed strategy has a significant advantage.