Increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, in particular the production of crop products in personal subsidiary plots, depends on the development and implementation of high-tech machines and their working units. The need for small-sized tillage equipment is increasing from year to year. But in order to increase the functionality of the equipment and the quality of soil preparation for sowing, it is necessary to study the possibility of using various additional working units. The purpose of the work is theoretical studies of the movement and kinematic connection of a trailed slatted-spiral roller with a walk-behind tractor, which make it possible to substantiate rational design and technological parameters of a small-sized tillage tool. The study used the provisions of classical mechanics and analytical geometry, methods of equilibrium and motion of mechanical systems based on differential and integral principles of mechanics. The design of active and passive rollers for a walk-behind tractor is considered, which allows to qualitatively prepare the soil for sowing at the depth of seeding, the influence of potential and non-potential effects on their generalized forces is revealed, the angular velocity and their acceleration are determined, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the moment of inertia of the rollers relative to the axes of rotation X4 and Z4 and their frames relative to the axes of rotation X3 and Z3. The difference in the generalized force for a passive roller relative to the angle φ 5.49 N∙m was obtained. The angular speed of the active roller is 23.0 rad/s higher than that of the passive roller, and as a result of research it was revealed that the moments of inertia of the active roller and its frame relative to the axles are significantly higher than that of the passive roller. Generalized forces for an active roller relative to the angle q = 2.58 N∙m and relative to the angle φ = 1.98 N∙m, for a passive roller - relative to the angle q = 2.32 N∙m and relative to the angle φ = 7.47 N∙m. The generalized forces for the potential effects of an active roller are Qθa=1.58 N∙m, Qφa=2.26 N∙m, for a passive roller Qθn=1.32 N∙m, Qφn= 4.60 N∙m. Mθa = 1 N∙m, Mφa = 114.63 N∙m; passive roller - respectively Mθn = 1 N∙m, Mφn = 178.9 N∙m
Для прогнозу i управлiння процесами ерозiї з метою захисту навколишнього середовища необхiдна iнформацiя про стан її компонентiв i фактори впливу, а також результати цього впливу. Iснуючi методи i способи оцiнки водозбiрної площi в основному носять описовий характер i не можуть бути використанi в математичних задачах прогнозування. Найбiльш коректна постановка задачi по кiлькiснiй оцiнцi водозбiрної площi здiйснюється при проведеннi гiдрологiчних розрахункiв. Це призводить до необхiдностi розроблення теоретичних передумов для агроекологiчної оцiнки схилових агроландшафтiв по стiйкостi мережi тимчасових водотокiв з використанням критерiю Лохтiна. Схиловi агроландшафти є ерозiйно небезпечними об'єктами. Iснування на схилах системи, що безперервно видозмiнюється, мiкроручейкiв, якi породжуються опадами, значно ускладнює ситуацiю. Запропоновано критерiї, що визначають основнi тенденцiї розвитку русел рiчкових систем шляхом змиву або наносу грунту. Висновки про водозбiрну площу в цiлому можна отримати, дослiдивши деяку область протiкання мiкроручейкiв протягом тривалого часу i зiставивши польовi спостереження з лабораторними експериментами. Для визначення стiйкостi русла запропонована теоретично обгрунтована величина, яка дозволяє дати кiлькiсну оцiнку мережi тимчасових водотокiв. При проведеннi дослiджень використовувалися данi про водозбiрнi площi рiчки Цивiль (Чуваська Республiка, Росiя) з 1950 по 2010 рр. Кiлькiсна оцiнка ерозiйної стiйкостi системи мiкроручейкiв проведена як для перiодiв снiготанення, так i для дощiв, умовно роздiлених на лiтнi та осiннi. Розглянутi теоретичнi передумови пiдтвердженi даними багаторiчних спостережень по рiчцi Цивiль за шiстдесят рокiв. Отриманi залежностi дають можливiсть складання адекватного прогнозу напрямку еволюцiї водозбiрної площi щодо процесiв наносу грунту або його змиву. Розробленi критерiї застосовнi як для конкретної водозбiрної площi мiкроручейкiв, так i для водозбiрної площi рiчкової системи в цiломуКлючовi слова: схиловий агроландшафт, ерозiйна стiйкiсть, змив грунту, мiкроручей, водозбiр, стiйкiсть мiкрорусел UDC 631.4
During the traditional mechanized harvesting of cabbage the heads are severely injured. In this regard, the purpose of research is to provide scientific justification for the new technology and devices for machine harvesting cabbage in a sparing mode. Using mathematical modeling, new methods of cabbage harvesting are justified, which provide for a gentle mode of shipment of heads by a combine harvester using a special device, first on a flexible flooring, and then carefully transferring them manually into containers. Thus, the methods of reducing the damage to cabbage heads during machine cleaning are formulated, and the nature of the influence of the main parameters of the proposed devices on the quality of the working process is analytically revealed. As a result, the rational parameters of the devices were determined: the departure of the loading zone of the tray Δ=0.100-0.150 m with its Flexural stiffness EI=16-20 H.m2 , the height difference of the edges of the flexible flooring h=0.25 m. The production test established the consistency of the proposed new technology of machine harvesting of cabbage and the possibility of reducing the damage to the heads to a level not exceeding 5-7% of the total mass of products.
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