Th e aim of this study compares to the increase in tissue temperature and the thermal histological eff ects of ultrasonic scalpel, bipolar and unipolar electrosurgery incisions in the tongue tissue of rabbits. Th is study evaluates the histopathological changes related to thermal change and the maximum temperature values in the peripheral tissue brought about by the incisions carried out by the three methods in a comparative way. To assess thermal tissue damage induced by the three instruments, maximum tissue temperatures were measured during the surgical procedure and tongue tissue samples were examined histopathologically following the surgery. Th e mean maximum temperature values of the groups were .±. Cº for the unipolar electrocautery group, whereas .±. Cº for the bipolar electrocautery group, and .±. Cº for the ultrasonic scalpel group. Th ere was a statistically signifi cant relationship between the increase in maximum temperature values and the separation among tissue layers, edema, congestion, necrosis, hemorrhage, destruction in blood vessel walls and fi brin accumulation, and between the existence of fi brin thrombus and tissue damage depth (p<.). It was concluded that the bipolar electrocautery use gives way to less temperature increase in the tissues and less thermal tissue damage in comparison to the other methods.

The findings of this study suggest that the angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease are significantly and independently correlated with the degree of hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was more prominent in patients with higher Gensini scores. We propose that the findings of this study warrant further research and should be verified in large-scale studies.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the possible correlations between the heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) islets in the cervical esophagus and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Patients and Methods:Between May 2010 and April 2011, 45 patients (36 females, 9 males; mean age 39.8±14.1 years; range 18 to 72 years) who had reflux symptom index (RSI) >10 and reflux finding score (RFS) >7 were included. The study group consisted of 21 patients who were diagnosed with HGM islets in the cervical esophagus, while control group consisted of 24 patients without any HGM islets assessed by upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. Esophagus manometric examination and dual-channel 24-hour pH monitoring were performed on all patients.Results: Pretreatment mean RSI and RFS were 25.6±3.5 and 15.1±3.4 in group 1, while it was found to be 21.1±4.4 and 11.9±2.6 in group 2 (p=0.001, p=0.001). A total of 29.7% of patients who underwent pH monitoring had distal reflux, whereas 43.2% of them had proximal reflux. In group 1, distal reflux was observed in 15.4% and proximal reflux was found in 54% of the patients, while distal reflux was observed in 38% and proximal reflux was found in 38% of the patients in group 2 (p=0.152; p=0.27). Fourteen patients diagnosed with HGM had antral-and seven patients had fundal-type epithelium. Conclusion:Our study results suggest that HGM islets may be considered as an etiological factor in the patients with severe LPR with isolated proximal reflux based on the 24-hour pH monitoring.

HYA and PRP can be safely injected into vocal cords. Our findings show that HYA is a biocompatible and safe injection material for clinical use. Only two of the six vocal cords showed HYA at the end of two months, suggesting that HYA is a short-term effective material. Similarly, PRP was also shown to be a short-term effective material and can be used in patients for testing purpose before using a long-term effective material. The advantages of PRP are that it is inexpensive, readily available, and completely inert as it is prepared from the subject itself.

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