A method is described for obtaining reproducible radiographs of several groups of teeth in the same jaw. The method was applied to assess changes in the alveolar bone height following periodontal treatment. An oral device was designed to permit direction of the central rays of the beam perpendicularly to the alveolar process in different parts of the jaws. The exposures were made at 60 kVp and 10mA, and standardized procedures were used for developing, fixing and rinsing the films. Alterations in the marginal alveolar bone level were determined in a stereocomparator system. The reproducibility of the method was determined. A pilot experiment was performed on 5 patients with periodontal disease. Following conservative treatment, including scaling and root planning, all patients were subjected to periodontal surgery, including alveolar bone denudation. Radiographs of the alveolar bone were obtained before and 2 months after the operation. By measuring in the stereocomparator parallaxes of both control points and points of the alveolar bone crest on paired radiographs, a mean decrease in interproximal alveolar bone height of 0.69 mm was found. Taking into account the small errors which are inherent in the method, this change in bone height could be regarded as a reliable measure of actual loss of bone.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The study supports the notion that what may be concealed in the supervisory process may be revealed in the dreams of supervisees. Supervision as well as patient work mean an intense emotional experience for supervisees, especially for beginners in psychotherapy. This emotional experience was reflected in dreams. The supervisory situation reactivates the supervisees' earlier relationships and problems with authority people. This was also expressed in dreams. Stages in the supervisory process have earlier been described in terms of the learning experiences of the supervisees. The present study provides evidence that the supervisory process should not only be described in terms of different stages of learning, but also in terms of different emotional stages, where especially the beginning and end period mean a strong emotional investment.