To better understand factors that promote and foster resilience among young refugees, in this manuscript, we aimed to critically review the progress in research on refugee children and youth's resilience from the vantagepoint of young refugee participants and prominent researchers. In doing so, the present critical review synthesizes exemplary findings from illustrative lines of work, discussing controversies and lessons learned from these studies, and offering implications for practice and future science. Overall, reviewed studies of mass trauma related to war from many different Western postmigration contexts point to a fundamental set of adaptive systems across multiple levels of the ecology in which refugee children and youth live that account for much of their capacity for doing well, recovering, or even thriving following resettlement. Hence, this critical review further provides important clues to key protective factors in the lives of young refugees, which can inform both practice and policy to mitigate risk and promote resilience in multiple socioecological systems. Public Significance StatementThis review article advances our knowledge of a host of biological, psychological, social, and cultural determinants of resilience, which interact with one another across multiple levels of social and ecological contexts to determine young refugees' adaptive responds to stressful experiences in the context of war, migration, and resettlement. Accordingly, it promotes a perspective with emphasis on the potential of host societies to facilitate the mobilization of human agency and physical resources.