We report the successful synthesis of urea as a fuel for low-temperature microwave combustion-based synthesis of NiCr2O4 and La-doped NiCr2O4. Synthesis parameters include the kind of precursor, fuel, and container, as well as how external heat is provided to achieve the combustion reaction. Crystal structures, morphology, surface area, solar cells, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, and catalytic activity were used to characterize the products. No impurities phase formed in the as-synthesized NiCr2O4 sample, confirmed by XRD. Surface area was measured with a Brunauer–Emmet–Teller adsorption isotherm. Schottky and Frenkel formation energies have been investigated. This demonstrates the time needed for full decolorization of 4-Nitrophenol (yellow color) by NiCr2O4 and La-doped NiCr2O4. The La-doped NiCr2O4 (0.03%) showed the greatest catalytic activity compared to pristine and other La-doped NiCr2O4. The decolorization occurs in 10 min. The chemical hardness and surface area of the chromites appear to be important in determining catalytic performance. For multi oxide systems, the counter-doped ions in the A and B sites may alter the metal ion-oxide bond, promoting this partial oxidation process at the interface. The results suggest multiple research subjects focusing on such materials for the future.

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Objective:The aim of the present study is to screen for the phytochemical constituents present in the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Pinus maritimus (PM). Method: The ethanolic extract of the dried whole plant of PM is subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which showed the presence of major phytoconstituents such as phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The extract was screened for its antioxidant activity by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, ferric reducing antioxidant potential, and nitric oxide scavenging assay. Further, the ethanolic extract was subjected to fingerprinting technique high-pressure thin-layer chromatography. Reverse-phase highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to estimate the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids quantitatively in isocratic mode. Results: Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of important active constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids. The study also revealed the potential antioxidant activity of the extract with IC 50 value. Reverse-phase HPLC showed 0.119 μg/ml of total phenolics, 0.257 μg/ml of alkaloids, and 0.0016 μg /ml of flavonoids. Conclusion: Scientific evaluation of this plant was carried out which is very important for the standardization of the plant-based drug. PM is one which has therapeutic importance as it showed important phytoconstituents.

The main aim of the study is to formulate Venlafaxine Hydrochloride loaded microbeads of sodium alginate using gelatin and pectin as release modifiers by Ionotropic Gellation Method. The microbeads were prepared by varying the concentration of sodium alginate, gelatin and pectin. The drug -polymer compatibility was studied by FTIR studies. No significant drug-polymer interaction were observed in FTIR studies. The prepared microbeads were evaluated mainly for the Sustained Release of the drug apart from the other tests like swelling ratio, particle size, drug entrapment, SEM, in vitro release study. Particle size distribution of the loaded formulations were measured by an optical microscope and particle size of optimized beads was determined by SEM. In vitro drug release profile of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride microbeads was examined in 0.1N Hydrochloric acid for first 2 hrs followed by pH 7.4 phosphate buffer for 8 hrs. The formulated beads had shown higher entrapment efficiency, drug loading, low particle size. The formulation F6 released Venlafaxine Hydrochloride for longer duration up to 10hrs.