Aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, and its high extraction rate and industrial use make human exposure very common. As Al may be a human toxicant, it is important to investigate the effects of Al exposure, mainly at low doses and for prolonged periods, by simulating human exposure. This work aimed to study the effects of low-dose exposure to chloride aluminum (AlCl3) on the oxidative biochemistry, proteomic profile, and morphology of the major salivary glands. Wistar male rats were exposed to 8.3 mg/kg/day of AlCl3 via intragastric gavage for 60 days. Then, the parotid and submandibular glands were subjected to biochemical assays, proteomic evaluation, and histological analysis. Al caused oxidative imbalance in both salivary glands. Dysregulation of protein expression, mainly of those related to cytoarchitecture, energy metabolism and glandular function, was detected in both salivary glands. Al also promoted histological alterations, such as acinar atrophy and an increase in parenchymal tissue. Prolonged exposure to Al, even at low doses, was able to modulate molecular alterations associated with morphological impairments in the salivary glands of rats. From this perspective, prolonged Al exposure may be a risk to exposed populations and their oral health.
A Leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença endêmica no Brasil que pode ocasionar óbito do indivíduo em 95% dos casos não tratados, sendo considerada um problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico da LV das diferentes regiões do Brasil. Para isso, os dados analisados das regiões Norte, Nordeste, Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil no período de 2014 a 2018 foram coletados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, sendo analisada a incidência, letalidade, gênero, faixa etária, escolaridade, critério de confirmação e evolução do caso empregando o teste de Qui-quadrado, teste G e regressão linear simples. Durante o período do estudo ocorreram 19.053 casos de LV no Brasil, com maior incidência nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Ocorrência maior na faixa etária menor de 14 anos, baixa escolaridade, gênero masculino, que obtiveram diagnóstico laboratorial e cura. Casos de LV ainda são recorrentes no cenário atual, sendo necessário ações efetivas nos diferentes níveis de prevenção podem reduzir significativamente os índices desta doença no Brasil.
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