Background An increasing number of children and adolescents are affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was associated with MetS in adult population. This study aimed to determine the associations between DII scores, MetS, and MetS components among children and adolescents. Methods Data of children and adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2001–2008 were obtained. DII was calculated for each participant based on the 24-h dietary recall interview. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to determine the associations between DII, the other study variables and abnormal MetS components. Results A total of 5,656 US children and adolescents (mean age = 15.49) in the 2001–2018 NHANES database were included. After adjusting for all confounders in the multivariate analysis, the top DII quartile was significantly and independently associated with increased odds of high blood pressure (BP) (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.02–5.07) as compared with the lowest DII quartile. DII in quartile 2, 3 or 4 were not significantly associated with increased odds of MetS, high waist circumference (WC), low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as compared with the lowest quartile. In stratified analysis by recommended physical activity level for children and adolescents, no significant association was observed between higher DII and MetS. Conclusions Among US children and adolescents, high DII is associated with prevalent high BP but not MetS. The finding may contribute to future policymaking in promoting children’s health.
Previous epidemiological studies have reported that the use of statins is associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer, although the beneficial effects of statins on the reduction of gastric cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between the use of statins and the risk of gastric cancer. Electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2022. Two authors used predefined selection criteria to independently screen all titles, abstracts, and potential full texts. Observational studies (cohort and case-control) or randomized control trials that assessed the association between statins and gastric cancer were included in the primary and secondary analyses. The pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines were followed to conduct this study. The total sample size across the 20 included studies was 11,870,553. The use of statins was associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer (RRadjusted: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.64–0.81, p < 0.001). However, the effect size of statin use on the risk of gastric cancer was lower in Asian studies compared to Western studies (RRAsian: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.53–0.73 vs. RRwestern: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.79–0.99). These findings suggest that the use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. This reverse association was even stronger among Asian people than Western individuals.
Background: Sleep is recognized as an all-important physiological process, which also contributes to maintaining several bodily functions and systems. Insufficient sleep can induce many serious side effects and have an impact on human health in general. There are five consequences of lack of sleep, including an increased chance of morbidity and mortality, poor judgment, increased risk of accidents and injuries, reduced level of functioning, and an inferior quality of life. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), also known as the most widely used tool in the field of subjective assessment of self-perceived sleep quality, a combination of acupoints could be more effective than single acupoint treatment in improving sleep quality. Methods: This study has been proved based on a previous meta-analysis that consisted of some relevant studies. The present study was based on the extracted randomized control trials (RCTs) rooted in a previous meta-analysis that worked on the basis of association rule mining and examined the potential kernel acupoint combinations for improving sleep quality. Results: Depending on the Apriori algorithm, we summarized 26 acupoints as binary data from the 32 eligible RCTs and analyzed them. The top 10 most frequently selected acupoints were HT7, SP6, PC6, KI1, GV20, Taiyang, Yintang, Anmian, KI3, and Ear Shenmen. Furthermore, as deduced from 21 association rules, the primary relevant rules in the combination of acupoints are {Yintang, Anmian}=>{GV20} and {HT7, KI1}=>{PC6}. Conclusions: In order to use acupuncture to improve sleep quality, integrating {Yintang, Anmian, GV20} with {HT7, KI1, PC6} acupoints could be deemed as the kernel acupoint combination.
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