We construct models of leptons based on S 4 family symmetry combined with a generalised CP symmetry H CP . We show how the flavon potential can spontaneously break the symmetry S 4 ⋊ H CP down to Z 2 × H ν CP in the neutrino sector, where the choice of preserved CP symmetry H ν CP is controlled by free (real) parameters in the flavon potential. We propose two realistic models of this kind, one at the effective level and one at the renormalisable level. Both models predict trimaximal lepton mixing with CP being either fully preserved or maximally broken, with the intermediate possibility forbidden by the structure of the models. *
We extend the even weight modular forms of modular invariant approach to general integral weight modular forms. We find that the modular forms of integral weights and level N can be arranged into irreducible representations of the homogeneous finite modular group Γ N which is the double covering of Γ N . The lowest weight 1 modular forms of level 3 are constructed in terms of Dedekind eta-function, and they transform as a doublet of Γ 3 ∼ = T . The modular forms of weights 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are presented.We build a model of lepton masses and mixing based on T modular symmetry. *
In this work, we have investigated whether Y(4260) and Z + 2 (4250) could be D1D or D0D * molecules in the framework of meson exchange model. The off-diagonal interaction induced by π exchange plays a dominant role. The σ exchange has been taken into account, which leads to diagonal interaction. The contribution of σ exchange is not favorable to the formation of molecular state with I G (J PC ) = 0 − (1 −− ), however, it is beneficial to the binding of molecule with I G (J P ) = 1 − (1 − ). Light vector meson exchange leads to diagonal interaction as well. For Z + 2 (4250), the contribution from ρ and ω exchange almost cancels each other. For the currently allowed values of the effective coupling constants and a reasonable cutoff Λ in the range 1-2 GeV, We find that Y(4260) could be accommodated as a D1D and D0D * molecule, whereas the interpretation of Z + 2 (4250) as a D1D or D0D * molecule is disfavored. The bottom analog of Y(4260) and Z + 2 (4250) may exist, and the most promising channels to discovery them are π + π − Υ and π + χ b1 respectively.
The proximity of Z + (4430) to the D * D 1 threshold suggests that it may be a D * D 1 molecular state. The D * D 1 system has been studied dynamically from quark model, and state mixing effect is taken into account by solving the multichannel Schrödinger equation numerically. We suggest the most favorable quantum number is J P = 0 − , if future experiments confirm Z + (4430) as a loosely bound molecule state. More precise measurements of Z + (4430) mass and width, partial wave analysis are helpful to understand its structure. The analogous heavy flavor mesons Z + bb and Z ++ bc are studied as well, and the masses predicted in our model are in agreement with the predictions from potential model and QCD sum rule. We further apply our model to the DD * and DD * system.We find the exotic DD * bound molecule doesn't exist, while the 1 ++ DD * bound state solution can be found only if the screening mass µ is smaller than 0.17 GeV. The state mixing effect between the molecular state and the conventional charmonium should be considered to understand the nature of X(3872).
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