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This paper uses finite element analysis to study the impact dynamics of three negative Poisson’s ratio materials. Different Poisson’s ratio generation mechanisms, deformation modes, and dynamic response characteristics of three materials at different impact speeds are discussed. The unique necking phenomenon, the deformation mode diagram, dynamic response curve, and energy absorption curve are obtained after processing. The results of numerical simulations have deepened our understanding of negative Poisson’s ratio honeycomb materials, and have guiding significance for us to explore new high-performance honeycomb materials later.