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Determining the nutrient requirements of industrial hemp to increase the yield requires quantifying variations in soil nutrients and enzyme activities in different growth stages, along with relevant soil microbial response. This study investigated the effects of different growth stages of industrial hemp on rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial communities. The results showed that with the increase in the growth stages, the pH and available phosphorus (AP) decreased, while the soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), and available potassium (AK) increased substantially, indicating that the demand for nutrients of industrial hemp was constantly changing. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were found to be the keystone taxa to adapt to the nutrient requirements of industrial hemp at different growth stages by regulating soil enzyme activity. Furthermore, using the redundancy analysis and Spearman’s correlation analysis, we found that microbial taxonomic composition was related to the variations in AN, AP, and pH. In general, we emphasized that the interaction between industrial hemp and soil is closely related to the growth stage, which increases plant adaptability and growth because of the change of soil microorganisms.

ATH1 has multifaceted functions in regulating growth and development, and possibly regulate development by interacting with OFP1 protein. However, the protein interaction of ATH1 with OFP1 has not been further confirmed, and the transcription activity of ATH1 has not been determined. In this work, the interaction ATH1 with OFP1 was further confirmed by using Co-IP, and the transcription activity of ATH1 was determined by using Protoplast transfection system. The results showed that the ATH1-OFP1 protein complexes could be formed in vivo, and ATH1 was a transcription inhibitory factor, and OFP1 could enhance the transcription inhibitory activity of ATH1. This study will provide molecular basis for analysis of the regulatory functions of OFP-TALE complexes in plant development, which is great significance for improving important plant traits.