RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da redução da densidade energética das dietas no desempenho de codornas japonesas em produção mantendo-se constante a relação energia metabolizável (EM):nutrientes. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas japonesas com peso inicial de 155 ± 15,5 g e 76 a 160 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (densidades energéticas: 2.900, 2.800, 2.700, 2.600 e 2.500 kcal de EM/kg), oito repetições e dez aves por unidade experimental. Observou-se diferença no consumo de ração e na conversão alimentar por massa e por dúzia de ovos relacionada ao nível energético da dieta. Entretanto, as dietas não influenciaram os consumos de EM, proteína bruta, lisina, metionina+cistina e treonina, a produção de ovos, a produção de ovos comercializáveis, o peso e a massa de ovo, a eficiência energética por massa de ovo e por dúzia de ovos, o ganho de peso e a viabilidade das aves. Para codornas japonesas em postura, dietas contendo 2.900 e 2.800 kcal de EM/kg proporcionam melhor conversão alimentar por massa e por dúzia de ovos, respectivamente, quando se mantém a relação EM:nutrientes. Palavras-chave: Coturnix coturnix japonica, desempenho de codornas, nutrição de codornas, redução energética Diets of different energetic densities, keeping constant the metabolizable energy:nutrients ratio, for laying Japanese quailsABSTRACT -The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of energetic density reduction in diets in the performance of Japanese quail, keeping constant the metabolizable energy (ME) to nutrients ratio. A total of 400 Japanese quails with 155 g ± 5.5 g and 76 to 160 days old were distributes to a complete randomized experimental design with five energetic density, eight replicates and ten birds per experimental unit. Five energetic density in the diets was evaluated (2,900, 2,800, 2,700, 2,600, and 2,500 kcal ME/kg of diet) keeping constant the metabolizable energy to nutrients ratio. The birds were fullfed during all experimental period. It was observed difference for feed intake, feed conversion per egg mass and feed conversion per egg dozen related to energy level in the diet. However, the diets did not influence the intakes of energy, crude protein, lysine, methionine+cystine, threonine, egg production, commercial egg production, egg mass, energy efficiency per egg mass, energy efficiency per egg dozen, weight gain and quail viability. For Japanese quail in posture, diets with 2,900 and 2,800 kcal ME/kg provided better feed conversion per egg mass and feed conversion per egg dozen, respectively, when the metabolizable to nutrients ratio is kept.Key Words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, energetic reduction, quail nutrition, quail performnance IntroduçãoA coturnicultura é um ramo da agropecuária que tem despertado interesse de produtores e pesquisadores por suas vantagens produtivas. Entre as aves, a codorna é uma das mais precoces e produtivas, pois inicia sua postura por volta do 40 o dia de idade e produz, em média, 300 ovos no seu primei...
-The effects of enzyme complex SSF (solid state fermentation) on growth performance and the availability of sucrose and monosaccharides in the chyme of Nile were involved. The study included 360 fish (70g±4.43) in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of SSF) arranged in six replicates, with 10 fish per replicate. Every 15 days, one tilapia of each experimental unit was sacrificed for analyses of carbohydrate in the chyme. On day 60 of the experiment, the performance parameters were measured. There was a linear effect according to treatment for final weight and weight gain. For the other performance parameters, there were no differences. There was quadratic effect for sucrose and glucose in function of the treatment, whereas the fructose levels increased linearly. The addition of 150 ppm of the enzyme complex SSF in the feed improves the performance of Nile tilapia and increases the availability of sucrose and monosaccharides in the chyme.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e a atividade de amilase em quimo de tilápias-do-nilo macho, linhagem tailandesa, submetidas a quatro diferentes temperaturas. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (20, 24, 28 e 32 o C), seis repetições e dez peixes por unidade experimental. A dieta utilizada foi igual para todos os tratamentos. Aos 55 dias do experimento, o consumo de ração aparente, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar aparente, atividade de amilase e atividade específica da amilase foram avaliados. O consumo de ração aparente e o ganho de peso aumentaram linearmente com o aumento da temperatura. Na conversão alimentar aparente, foi observado efeito quadrático em função da temperatura com melhora na conversão de 1,79 a 1,00 com o aumento da temperatura até 29,15 o C. Observou-se efeito linear na atividade da amilase e na atividade específica da amilase em função da temperatura, com maior atividade de amilase e menor atividade específica de amilase a 32 o C. A temperatura da água influencia o desempenho e a atividade da amilase em tilápias-do-nilo.Termos para indexação: Oreochromis niloticus, enzimas, fisiologia de peixes, piscicultura. Performance and amylase activity in Nile tilapia submitted to different temperaturesAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and amylase activity in chime of Nile tilapia male, Thai line, submitted to four different temperatures. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (20, 24, 28 and 32 o C), six replicates and ten fishes per experimental unit. The diet was the same for all treatments. At 55 days of experiment, apparent feed intake, weight gain, apparent feed conversion, amylase activity and specific amylase activity were evaluated. The apparent feed intake and weight gain increased linearly with temperature increase. For apparent feed conversion, quadratic effect was observed as a function of temperature, showing a conversion improvement of 1.79 to 1.00 with the increase of the temperature until 29,15 o C. Linear effect in amylase activity and specific amylase activity was observed as a result of temperature, comprising high amylase activity and low specific amylase activity at 32 o C. Water temperature influences the performance and amylase activity in Nile tilapia.
The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, body chemical composition and lipid profile of Nile tilapia juvenile fed with Schizochytrium sp. Two hundred and forty Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juvenile (1.33 ± 0.11 g) were distributed in 20 aquariums, at the density of 12 fish per aquarium. The juvenile were fed with five levels of Schizochytrium sp.: Control (0 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed); AS10 (10 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed); AS20 (20 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed); AS30 (30 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed) and AS40 (40 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed). The inclusion of Schizochytrium sp. increase the body weight, weight gain, final biomass and biomass gain of tilapia juvenile. The body crude protein of tilapia was increased after addition of microalgae. Juvenile lipid profile also was influenced when fed with 40 g of Schizochytrium sp. per kg and have it levels of omega‐3 and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased, and omega 6:3 ratio decreased. Tilapia juvenile fed with Schizochytrium sp. per kg have better growth, omega‐3 and DHA levels rising in the body, being a considerable source of fatty acids for human nutrition. Levels above 20 g of Schizochytrium sp. per kg in the feed favour the increase of protein in Nile tilapia body.
RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da redução da densidade energética da dieta sobre a qualidade de ovo de codornas japonesas, mantendo a mesma relação energia metabolizável (EM):nutrientes. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas japonesas dos 76 aos 160 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, 10 repetições e 8 aves por unidade experimental. Utilizaram-se cinco dietas com densidades energéticas distintas (2.900, 2.800, 2.700, 2.600 e 2.500 kcal de EM/kg), mantendo constante a relação entre energia metabolizável e nutrientes da dieta, que continha 2.900 kcal de EM/kg. As aves foram arraçoadas à vontade durante todo o período experimental. Houve diferença significativa apenas no consumo de ração e peso no específico de ovo. Para consumo de EM, PB e aminoácidos, peso do ovo, massa do ovo, peso da gema, porcentagem da gema, peso do albúmen, porcentagem do albúmen, peso da casca, porcentagem da casca, diâmetro do ovo e altura do ovo, não foram encontradas diferença significativas entre as dietas.Recomenda-se utilizar dietas com 2.800 e 2.900 kcal de EM/kg, mantendo a mesma relação EM:nutrientes da dieta, quando o objetivo for qualidade de ovo.Palavras-chave: coturnicultura, Coturnix coturnix japonica, energia metabolizável, nutrição de codornas, nutrientes Effect of energetic density reduction of diets on characteristics of Japanese quail eggsABSTRACT -The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduction of energetic density of the diet on the quality of Japanese quail eggs, keeping the same metabolizable energy (ME):nutrients relationship. It was used 400Japanese quails from 76 to 160 days of age, distributed in a complete random design, with five treatments, 10 replicates and 8 birds per experimental unity. It was used five diets with different energetic densities (2,900; 2,800; 2,700; 2,600;and 2,500 kcal ME/kg), keeping constant the relationship between metabolizable energy and nutrients of the diet, which had 2,900 kcal ME/kg. Diet was fed ad libitum during all the experimental period. There was a significant difference only on the ration intake and on the egg specific weight. It was not observed significant difference among diets for the following parameters: metabolizable energy intake, crude protein and amino acids, egg weight, egg mass, yolk weight, yolk percentage, albumen height, albumen percentage, shell weight, shell percentage, egg diameters and egg height. Diets with 2,800 and 2,900 kcal ME/kg, by keeping constant metabolizable energy:nutrients ratio, provide the same egg quality. IntroduçãoO ovo de codorna é considerado uma ótima alternativa para a alimentação humana, pois apresenta, na sua composição, uma proteína de alto valor biológico, elevado índice de digestibilidade (Albino & Barreto, 2003), além de vitaminas e minerais (Murakami et al., 1994).Para que todo esse potencial nutritivo seja utilizado pelo homem, a produção de ovos tem que remunerar satisfatoriamente o produtor e, ao mesmo tempo, beneficiar economicamente o consumidor. Dest...
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