The current study aimed to evaluate serology, and isolate and genotype Toxoplasma gondii strains from pregnant dairy cows, slaughtered in an abattoir for human consumption, and their fetuses. Blood from 60 pregnant dairy cows and blood and tissue samples (brain, lung, heart, and liver) from their fetuses were collected and analyzed in a mouse bioassay. Antibodies against T. gondii were observed in 48.3% of cows and 3.7% of fetuses (IFAT, titers ≥ 50 for cows and 25 for fetuses were considered positive). Fourteen fetuses (23.3%) and six cows (10.0%) were identified as positive in the bioassay. T. gondii was isolated from a blood sample of a cow older than 4 years old in the 6th month of pregnancy, and from a blood sample of a fetus in the 6th month of gestation. These isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as being of T. gondii and both strains showed type II alleles for all PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers tested. T. gondii type II strain from cattle was isolated for the first time in Brazil. The current study also showed that transplacental transmission of T. gondii naturally occurs in dairy cows (23.3%) from Southern Brazil.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite recognized as an important public health problem. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in pregnant and non pregnant zebus' breed beef cows (Bos indicus), their fetuses, killed at an abattoir in northern of Paraná state. In the present study 169 cows were evaluated, 92 pregnant (in different stages of gestation) and 77 non pregnant. Sero-occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was performed by Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) considering positive animals with titers ≥ 50 for cows and ≥ 25 for fetuses. Blood (with EDTA) from pregnant cows and blood and tissue samples (brain, lung, heart, and liver) from their fetuses were collected and used for mouse bioassay. Antibodies against T. gondii were observed in 26.0% of cows and 2.5% of fetuses. There was no statistical difference when prevalence of toxoplasmosis was compared between pregnant (23.9%), and non-pregnant (28.6%) animals, and age of gestation (p > 0.59). However, the occurrence of anti-T.gondii antibodies increased with age of animals (p=0.004). Mouse bioassay showed three fetuses positives (3.2%), however, none T. gondii strain was isolated. The present study showed that transplacental transmission of T. gondii naturally occurs in zebu beef cows from Brazil, however, in low rate (5.4%). The anti-T. gondii antibodies occurrence increase with the age of animals, which could be related to the fact that main transmission in cattle T. gondii is horizontal. Key words: Toxoplasmosis, zebu, vertical transmission ResumoToxoplasma gondii é um protozoário reconhecido como um dos mais importantes parasitas em saúde pública. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra T. gondii em vacas de corte zebuínas (Bos indicus) gestantes, e seus fetos, bem como, em vacas não gestantes abatidas em um matadouro no norte do Paraná. No presente estudo foram avaliadas 169 vacas, 92 prenhas (em diferentes fases de gestação) e 77 não prenhas. A ocorrência de anticorpos contra T. gondii foi realizada por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) considerando animais positivos aqueles com títulos ≥ 50 para as vacas e ≥ 25 para os fetos. Sangue (EDTA) de vacas prenhas e amostras de sangue e tecidos (cérebro, pulmão, coração, e fígado) de seus fetos foram coletadas e utilizadas para o bioensaio em camundongos. Anticorpos contra T. gondii foram observados em 26,0% das vacas e em 2,5% dos fetos Não houve diferença quando a soropositividade de anticorpos foi comparado entre vacas gestantes (23,9%), e não gestantes (28,6%), bem como, a idade da gestação (p > 0,59). No entanto, a ocorrência de anticorpos aumentou com a idade dos animais (p = 0,004). O bioensaio mostrou três fetos positivos (3,2%), porém, nenhuma cepa foi isolada. O presente estudo mostrou que a transmissão transplacentária de T. gondii ocorre naturalmente em vacas de corte zebuínas do Brasil, no entanto, esta ocorrência foi baixa (5,4%). A maior ocorrência de anticorpos a...

ABSTRACT. Members of the Eimeria genus are protozoan parasites of the subphylum Apicomplexa (Eimeriidae family), and belong to the coccidia group. Eimeria tenella is one of the most pathogenic species owing to its ability to penetrate the mucosa, and cause inflammation and damage. It is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes disease by destroying the host cells during multiplication. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a molecular chaperone that prevents cellular stress. The objective of this study was to clone, sequence, and express E. tenella HSP70 protein.After selecting the region of highest hydrophilicity in the hsp70 gene, we cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) into a pTrcHis2-TOPO vector and transformed it into TOP10 Escherichia coli cells; after induction, the bacteria expressed a 23-kDa protein with insoluble expression levels of approximately 5 mg/L. In summary, the partial hsp70 gene was successfully expressed in E. coli, producing a 23-kDa protein under insoluble conditions, and the antigen characteristics predicted by hydrophilicity analysis suggest the development of a vaccine for use in avian coccidiosis.

ResumoO gênero Eimeria pertencente ao subfilo Apicomplexa, Família Eimeriidae com sete espécies reconhecidas infectando galinhas: E.acervulina, E.maxima, E.tenella, E.brunetti, E.necatrix, E.mitis e E.praecox. Trata-se de um parasito intracelular obrigatório que causa doença pela destruição de células do epitélio intestinal em seu processo de replicação. O uso indiscriminado de anticoccídicos tem resultado na seleção de cepas resistentes a drogas, as quais reduzem a eficácia de vários anticoccídicos usados atualmente no controle dessa parasitose. Como em muitos países a legislação proíbe o uso destes produtos continuamente até o abate, períodos de retirada têm sido exigidos, o que aumenta o risco de infecção no final do período de crescimento. Desta forma, as vacinas são fundamentais como ferramenta de controle destes parasitas. Existem atualmente diversos tipos de vacinas, porém somente vacinas vivas e atenuadas são comercializadas para o controle da coccidiose aviária, com exceção da vacina recombinante CoxAbic ® . Apesar disso, o seu uso ainda é discreto frente ao uso de anticoccidianos, possivelmente devido a sua menor eficácia e maior custo. Desta forma, é importante ressaltar que o controle da coccidiose aviária é extremamente complexo, e que, novos estudos devem ser estimulados para o desenvolvimento de métodos eficazes, entre eles o uso de vacinas, para a produção de carne de frango livre de medicamentos. Palavras-chave: Eimeriose aviária, vacinas, controle, imunógenos AbstractThe genus Eimeria belonging to the Subphylum Apicomplexa, Family Eimeriidae, have seven recognized species infecting chickens: E.acervulina, E. maxima, E.tenella, E.brunetti, E.necatrix, E.mitis and E.praecox. It's an obligate intracellular parasite that causes disease by the destruction of intestinal epithelial cells in the replication process. The indiscriminate use of anticoccidial drugs has resulted in the selection of drug-resistant strains, which reduce de effectiveness of various anticoccidial drugs used currently in control of the disease. As in many countries legislation prohibits the use of thes products continuously until slaughter withdrawal periods have been required, which increases the risk of infection at the end of the growing season. Thus, vaccines are essential as a tool for controlling these parasites. There are several types of vaccines, but only attenuated live vaccines are marketed for the control of avian coccidiosis, with the exception of recombinant vaccine CoxAbic®. Nevertheless, its use is still mild compared to the use of anticoccidial drugs, possibly due to its lower cost and greater effectiveness. Thus, it is important that control of avian coccidiosis is extremely complex, and that further studies should be encouraged to develop effective methods, including the use of vaccines for the production of chicken meat free of medication.

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