O objetivo foi avaliar os aspectos produtivos, nutricionais e bioeconômicos de seis híbridos de milho para silagem: SG 6030 YG, LG 6036 PRO, LG 6038 PRO, BRAS 3010, PL 6880 e PL 1335. As maiores produções de biomassa e de grãos (p0,05) entre as silagens dos híbridos avaliados para valores de matéria mineral (MM), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) possuindo médias de 1,78%, 6,03%, 28,86%, 27,11% e 67,42% da matéria seca (MS), respectivamente. Todavia os valores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) foram inferiores para os híbridos LG 6038 PRO, SG 6030 YG e PL 6880 (54,92%, 54,13% e 54,04%, respectivamente). Os híbridos que obtiveram maiores produções (LG 6038 PRO e LG 6036 PRO) também apresentaram melhores resultados bioeconômicos, com custos de R$ 48,56 e R$ 48,80 por tonelada de matéria natural (MN), respectivamente. Desta forma, recomenda-se os híbridos LG 6038 PRO, LG 6036 PRO e SG 6030 YG para produção de silagem na região centro-sul do Paraná.
Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) is one of the most important small grain cereals for animal feeding in southern Brazil. Despite grain yield, black oat is also cultivated for ensiling; however, it is not an easy forage to be stored in anaerobic conditions, compared with maize, for example. According to Haigh (1990), a content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) over 37 g kg −1 DM in herbage is necessary for an adequate fermentation. Whole crop black oat WSC content ranges from 139 g to 79 g kg −1 DM, for milky and dough grain stages, respectively.However, black oat herbage has a high buffer capacity, demanding a larger quantity of water-soluble carbohydrates ABSTRACT -We aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate as a chemical desiccant on the nutritional quality, fermentation pattern, and aerobic stability of wilted black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) silage. Black oat sowing occurred in the first fortnight of May 2013. Desiccant application took place when oat reached milky/dough grain stage (96 days after planting). Glyphosate dosages evaluated were 0, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mL ha −1 . Three days after desiccation, all treatments were ensiled, and the silos were kept stored for 150 days. A completely randomized design was used, and all statistical procedures were performed by means of Bayesian Inference. Treating herbage prior to ensiling from 500 mL ha −1 glyphosate increased dry matter and organic matter contents compared with control. On the other hand, fiber content decreased linearly for desiccated silages, as shown by the negative slopes for neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose. The highest concentrations of hemicellulose and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen occurred for the dosages of 729.96 mL ha −1 and 759.52 mL ha −1 glyphosate, respectively. Wilted silage had less concentration of acetic acid and isovaleric acid and presented a higher amount of 2,3-butanediol. Due to the lack of beneficial short-chain fatty acids, treated silages had a higher organic matter loss (0.1 g mL −1 ) and reached a maximum pH (0.009 h mL −1 ) more quickly than control silage, after aerobic exposure. In this way, for wilted black oat silage production, harvested at milky/dough grain stage, the application of 500 mL ha −1 glyphosate is recommended.
O trigo (Triticum aestivum) apresenta grande potencial tanto para a produção de forragem quanto para a produçãode grãos. Desta forma, o objetivo, com o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade final degrãos do trigo de duplo propósito cv. BRS Umbu manejado sob diferentes sistemas de corte, sendo: T1 – sem corte(testemunha), T2 – um corte e T3 – dois cortes. A produção de fitomassa verde foi influenciada pelo manejo decortes sendo o tratamento de dois cortes o responsável pelo menor valor (4.726 kg ha-1). A produção de fitomassaseca, produção total de palha e produção de grãos sofreu efeito negativo com os cortes sucessivos, sendo o tratamentosem corte o responsável pelas maiores médias (13.096 kg ha-1, 7.860 kg ha-1 e 5.236 kg ha-1, respectivamente).Na avaliação de desempenho agronômico dos grãos, para todas as avaliações foi observado superioridadenas médias (P<0,05) para o tratamento sem cortes, inclusive para o peso hectolitro e o peso de mil grãos. Já nacomposição bromatológica dos grãos ficou evidente que o manejo de cortes influenciou apenas as médias de matériamineral, ficando o tratamento sem corte com a média de 0,66 % na MS, um corte com média de 0,93% na MSe dois cortes com a média de 1,12 % na MS. Neste contexto, não se recomenda o manejo de mais do que um cortesucessivo para o trigo cv. BRS Umbu.
ABSTRACT. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the nutritional composition, dry matter (DM) recovery and aerobic stability of winter cereal silages under different storage periods. The materials used were wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Gralha Azul), barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. BRS Brau), white oat (Avena sativa cv. URS Guará), black oat (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) and triticale (X Triticosecale IPR 11), in three storage periods: 60, 120 and 180 days. The experiment was conducted in a 5x3 factorial, completely randomized design, consisting of five forage species and three storage periods, with five replicates. In nutritional assessment, barley silage presented low values of acid detergent fiber (ADF; 331.2, 355.2 and 378.5 g kg DM -1 for 60, 120, 180 days, respectively), high total digestible nutrients (TDN; 558.2, 544.7 and 531.6 g kg DM -1 for 60, 120, 180 days, respectively), high DM recovery and aerobic stability. Wheat and triticale showed a decrease in DM recovery with the increase in storage length, although showed high aerobic stability. The storage period had a different effect on forages; however, storage period above 60 days provided no benefits for the variables evaluated.Keywords: storage, aerobic deterioration, DM recovery.Composição nutricional e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cereais de inverno com diferentes tempos de estocagem RESUMO. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a composição nutricional, a recuperação de matéria seca (MS) e a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cereais de inverno submetidas a diferentes tempos de estocagem. Os materiais utilizados foram o trigo (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Gralha Azul), cevada (Hordeum vulgare cv. BRS Brau), aveia branca (Avena sativa cv. URS Guará), aveia preta (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) e triticale (X Triticosecale cv. IPR 11), em três tempos de estocagem: 60, 120 e 180 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5x3. Na avaliação nutricional, a silagem de cevada apresentou baixos teores de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA; 331; 355 e 378 g kg MS -1 , para 60, 120 e 180 dias, respectivamente) e altos de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT; 558; 544 e 531 g kg MS -1 para 60, 120 e 180 dias, respectivamente), além de alta recuperação de MS e estabilidade aeróbia. O trigo e o triticale apresentaram decréscimo na recuperação de MS com o aumento dos dias de estocagem, embora tenham apresentado alta estabilidade aeróbia. O tempo de estocagem influenciou de maneira distinta as forrageiras, no entanto, tempos de estocagem acima de 60 dias não proporcionaram benefícios para as variáveis avaliadas.Palavras-chave: armazenamento, deterioração aeróbia, recuperação de MS.
ObjectiveIsoquinoline Alkaloids, derived from one plant (Macleaya cordata) can be an alternative when it is desired to increase performance in feedlot cattle. However, results on these nutritional additives in high energy diets in ruminants are still incipient in literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate performance and carcass traits of feedlot bulls supplemented with sanguinarine, the main alkaloid presents in Macleaya cordata in high energy density diets.MethodsThirty-two crossbred Angus-Nelore bulls with mean initial body weight of 365±10 kg and mean initial age of 11±3 months were used. The experiment lasted 119 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 105 experimental days. Experimental diet consisted of 85% whole corn grains and 15% protein-vitamin-mineral nucleus and supplied ad libitum. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and a diet with sanguinarine supplementation (SAN) at a dosage of 4 g of product sufficient to provide 6 mg of sanguinarine/d. Experimental design was completely randomized.ResultsDry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, SAN group animals had higher carcass yield (p = 0.045) and were more efficient in the transformation of dry matter consumed in carcass gain (p = 0.046) than CON. In addition, haptoglobin, increased throughout feedlot duration meaning high challenge for the animals due to the diet, but this behavior was similar (p>0.05) between treatments.ConclusionSanguinarine produced positive results in relation to carcass yield and could be used as an additive for bulls fed diets receiving high energy density diet.
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