Several forestry procedures affect tree volume and shape, such as spacing, pruning, and thinning. Studying and understanding the effect of these operations on stand attributes are very important for forest management. This study aimed to evaluate volume, form factor, and taper for Pinus taeda trees stratified into diameter classes within two planting spacings. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the time spent to scale each tree, measured with a chronometer. Indirect scaling was performed using a Criterion RD 1000. Thirty trees were scaled on each planting spacing (3 m x 2 m and 4 m x 2 m), totaling 60 trees encompassing all diameter classes. Tree volume was calculated using the Smalian equation. Tree volume, form factor, and taper were calculated to each tree and evaluated by stand (independent t-test) and diameter class (variance analysis and Tukey test). The average scaling time was 4 minutes and 35 seconds, which decreased with practice (-24%). Form factor and taper differed with spacing and diameter class. Volume did not differ with spacing, but it did in the diameter classes. We concluded that indirect scaling is a practical method for tree volume assessment; higher planting density leads to more cylindrical stems with lower taper ratios in comparison with denser stands; and the fact that tree volume, form factor and taper differed among the diameter classes should be incorporated into studies of taper modeling.
O objetivo desse estudo foi testar dois modelos de afilamento não segmentados, considerando o ajuste de efeito fixo e ajustes de efeitos mistos, variando em relação ao nível dos coeficientes aleatórios (talhão, classe diamétrica e árvore). Foram utilizados dados de cubagem de 60 árvores de Pinus taeda em dois talhões, com espaçamentos de plantio de 4 m x 2 m e 3 m x 2 m. Os ajustes resultaram em estimativas precisas de diâmetros ao longo do fuste, com valores de RMSE inferiores a 0,87 cm e MAE inferior a 0,65 cm. O ajuste com efeitos mistos propiciou melhoria das estimativas, comparado ao ajuste com efeitos fixos. Nos modelos mistos, o efeito aleatório no nível de árvore propiciou as melhores predições, com RMSE inferior a 0,51 cm e MAE inferior a 0,38 cm. O polinômio de potências inteiras e fracionárias, com ajuste misto e efeito aleatório no nível de árvore foi selecionado e a validação pelo método Bootstrap com 100 amostras aleatórias indicou estimativas precisas em um curto intervalo. Concluiu-se que a modelagem mista é recomendada para melhorar as estimativas e o polinômio de potências inteiras e fracionárias, com os coeficientes aleatórios em nível de árvore individual, pode ser utilizado em ajuste generalizado para povoamentos com diferentes espaçamentos.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.