Membranas baseadas em poli(aril éter cetona) sulfonada mostraram ser bastante promissoras para aplicação em células a combustível com membrana trocadora de prótons (PEMFC). O poli(éter-éter-cetona) sulfonado (SPEEK), com elevado grau de sulfonação (GS), apresenta alta condutividade de prótons, mas sofre perda de funcionalidade e condutividade em temperaturas altas e umidades baixas. O desenvolvimento de membranas híbridas é uma das possibilidades para melhorar o desempenho destes materiais. Neste trabalho foram preparadas membranas híbridas zirconizadas de SPEEK/copolissilsesquioxano fosfonado (CF) por casting, a partir de SPEEK com GS entre 60% e 70% e soluções de cloreto de zirconila (ZrOCl2) 1, 5, ou 10% (m/m). As membranas foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR), difratometria de raios-X (DRX), análise termogravimétrica (TG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), condutividade de prótons (σ) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A análise por energia dispersiva (EDS) confirmou a presença de Zr em domínios esféricos dispersos homogeneamente pelas membranas, enquanto análises de DRX mostraram que os produtos da zirconização são amorfos. Ensaios de impedância eletroquímica indicam aumento da condutividade protônica com a adição de CF e 1 ou 5% de ZrOCl2.
In this work, the production and characterization of hybrid membranes of sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone; SPEEK) and phosphonated copolysilsesquioxanes (PCs) and its application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were studied. To improve the proton conduction and thermal stability of the polymer SPEEK, PCs were synthesized from diethylphosphatoethyltriethoxysilane (Ph-TEOS) and phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES), 90/10 mol/mol, by a hydrolysis/condensation procedure. The PCs were characterized by infrared thermal analysis. Hybrids membranes produced from SPEEK and 20 wt% PC were submitted to further hydrolysis to give semiinterpenetrating copolysilsesquioxanes networks. The hybrid membranes were also characterized according to their thermal behavior, proton conductivity, electrochemical performance in fuel cell, and oxidative stability. The proton conductivities (σ) of the membranes in the hydrated state at room temperature were determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was verified that the proton conductivities of the hydrolyzed hybrid membranes were about 370% higher than the σ of plain SPEEK. The hydrolyzed membranes with 20% (90:10) PC showed the best performance in a PEMFC working with H2/O2 at 60°C.
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