A urgência de inovação na matriz energética brasileira, aliada à alta geração de resíduos e efluentes agroindustriais do cenário nacional, impulsiona o uso da técnica de digestão anaeróbia como tecnologia promissora para tratamento de tais passivos ambientais e produção de biogás. A codigestão anaeróbia, digestão simultânea de dois ou mais substratos, permite vantagens operacionais e melhores condições do meio para as bactérias responsáveis pela produção do biocombustível. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de produção de biogás através da codigestão de efluente (substrato) e lodo (inóculo) do Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket da Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes de uma indústria de arroz parboilizado do Sul do Brasil com dois diferentes resíduos sólidos orgânicos (cosubstrato), casca de laranja e de banana, separadamente. Um arranjo fatorial 2³ foi realizado utilizando casca de laranja como cosubstrato e outro utilizando casca de banana. Os digestores utilizados no estudo foram desenvolvidos a partir da reutilização de garrafas de Polietileno Tereftalato e operados por 168 horas à 35°C. A quantificação de biogás foi realizada através do princípio de deslocamento de fluídos. A maior produção de biogás semelhante em ambos os arranjos fatoriais se deu com 40% de efluente, 20% da solução de resíduo sólido e 30% de lodo, 8,49E-03m³ produzidos quando utilizado casca de banana e 1,17E-02m³ com casca de laranja, com remoções de DQO de 4686,87mgL-1 e 6809,92mgL-1, respectivamente.
Professor Adjunto do CEng, UFPEL/Pelotas-RS 2 Graduando em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária, UFPEL/Pelotas-RS ResumoAs indústrias de arroz geram cerca de quatro litros de efluente a cada quilo de arroz beneficiado, sendo o Brasil um dos maiores produtores de arroz no mundo e tendo em vista que esses efluentes possuem altas cargas orgânicas, tal segmento apresenta enorme potencial poluidor. Diante disso, a digestão anaeróbia visando a produção de biogás é avaliado como possível solução tanto na geração de energia quanto no tratamento de efluentes. O propósito deste trabalho é avaliar a temperatura ideal para produção de biogás por meios da digestão anaeróbia com lodo e efluente da parboilização de arroz. Os biodigestores foram operados em batelada às temperaturas de 35 °C, 45 °C e 55 °C. O maior pico de produção de biogás em todas as temperaturas se deu nas primeiras 12 horas. O maior volume de biogás gerado ao longo das 276 horas ocorreu no sistema à 35 °C com 5,198 dm³, assim como 87,3% de remoção de DQO. Para o pH, todos sistemas alcançaram a neutralidade. A temperatura ideal para a produção de biogás através da digestão de efluente da produção de arroz parboilizado, nesse experimento, foi a de 35 °C.Palavras-chave: digestão, anaeróbia, biodigestores, gamas. MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES IN PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS THROUGH THE WASTEWATER OF PARBOILIZATION OF RICE AbstractRice industry generates about four liters of effluent per kilogram of rice milled, Brazil being one of the largest rice producers in the world and considering that these wastewaters have high organic loads, this segment presents a huge potential for pollution. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion for biogas production is evaluated as a possible solution for both: energy generation and treatment of effluents. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the ideal temperature for biogas production by means of anaerobic digestion with sludge and rice parboiling effluent. The biodigesters were batch operated at temperatures of 35 °C, 45 °C and 55 °C. The highest biogas production peak at all temperatures occurred in the first 12 hours. The highest volume of biogas generated during the 276 hours occurred in the system at 35 °C with 5.198 dm³, as well as 87.3% of COD removal. For pH, all systems achieved neutrality. The ideal temperature for the biogas production through the parboiled rice effluent digestion in this experiment was 35 °C.
The ongoing global spread of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 2019 disease) is causing an unprecedented repercussion on human health and the economy. Despite the primary mode of transmission being through air droplets and contact, the transmission via wastewater is a critical concern. There is a lack of techniques able to provide complete disinfection, along with the uncertainty related to the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in the natural environment and risks of contamination. This fact makes urgent the research towards new alternatives for virus removal from water and wastewater. Thus, this research aimed to characterize new lost-cost adsorbents for SARS-CoV-2 using Hymenachne grumosa as a precursor and verify its potential for removing SARS-CoV-2 from the solution. The aquatic macrophyte H. grumosa had in natura and activated carbon produced with H. grumosa and zinc chloride (ZnCl 2, 1:1) impregnation and carbonization (700 °C, 1 h) were incubated for 24 h with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viral suspension, and then the ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted and viral load quantified through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique. The results demonstrated the great adsorption potential, achieving removal of 98.44% by H. grumosa “in natura” , and 99.61% by H. grumosa with carbon activation, being similar to commercial activated carbon (99.67%). Thus, this study highlights the possibility of low-cost biofilters to be used for SARS-CoV-2 removal, as an excellent alternative for wastewater treatment or watercourses decontamination.
Water bodies contaminated by heavy metals cause a series of severe environmental and health issues. Chromium compounds stand out as one of the main contaminants since they are widely used by several industries. The low efficiency of effluent treatment facilities and the expensive sanitation procedures needed to remove metals from the water lead to serious concerns about the water quality in Brazil. In this study, a rigid polyurethane foam incorporated with green liquor dregs waste was prepared by the free expansion method. The foam composite and its isolated phases were evaluated for removing Cr(III) from water. The isolated dregs removed 81.93% of the Cr(III), which yielded a removal capacity of 135.45 mg·g-1. Whereas, the foam composite displayed Cr(III) removal percentage and capacity of 36.15% and 58.50 mg·g-1, respectively. Results suggests that the hybrid material may be considered for selective removal and extraction of Cr(III) from contaminated water.
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