BackgroundThe management of patients with dyslipidaemia requires intensive medical follow-up as an essential part of treatment. We investigated the effect of intensive treatment on people with multiple risk factors for dyslipidaemia detected via screening. Here, we report the results of a retrospective 7-year follow-up analysis aimed at establishing whether differences in treatment and cardiovascular risk factors have been maintained and assessing their effects on cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study involving 92 patients treated at the Lipid and Diabetes Service of the National Institute of Cardiology between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: the REG group, composed of 64 patients who had medical appointments from 2012 to 2018 (with the last appointment held between January 1 and December 31, 2018), and the DROP group, composed of 28 patients who had medical appointments in 2012 but did not complete regular appointments until 2018.ResultsIn evaluating the number of cardiovascular events by follow-up time between groups, we observed a total of 32 cases of myocardial infarction [CI 95% 0.08 (0.05-0.11)] in the studied population, with 26.6% in the REG group and 53.6% in the DROP group (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the stroke and hospitalization between the two groups.ConclusionsThe analysis of cardiovascular outcomes in the studied population provides a greater understanding of the importance of intensive medical treatment, and there seems to be a benefit of a reduction in cardiovascular events, especially acute myocardial infarction, in patients who complete a greater number of medical appointments and receive multidisciplinary treatment on a regular basis.Trial registration: 31565920.3.0000.5272

: The management of diabetes requires a medical nutritional therapy as an essential part of this treatment. There should be no "one-size-fits-all" eating pattern for different patient´s profiles with diabetes. It´s clinically complex to suggest an ideal percentage of calories from carbohydrates, protein and lipids recommended for all patients with diabetes. Among the eating patterns that have shown beneficial effects on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes is the Low-Carb diet, since the carbohydrate ingestion is viewed as the most important determinant of postprandial glucose and insulin response. In this context, theoretically it could make sense to reduce the daily amount of carbohydrates ingested, willing to achieve lower levels of HbA1c. There could be associated risks to this approach. The adherence to a Low-Carb Diet is here also discussed. This narrative review works on the current evidence for answering these questions regarding Low-Carb Diet as a possible alternative eating pattern for type 2 diabetes.