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IntroductionOsteosarcopenia is defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteopenia or osteoporosis. Older adults with this syndrome have a greater fragility and mortality risk compared with those without these conditions. Based on separate interventions with individuals with sarcopenia and osteoporosis, exercise has been recommended as a treatment for osteosarcopenia. However, there is no evidence of its efficacy. Our objective is to identify whether physical exercise can improve osteosarcopenia in older adults and lead to good health outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus. The criterion of inclusion will be clinical trials involving physical exercise interventions in older adults diagnosed with osteosarcopenia. To assess the risk of bias, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Downs and Black tools will be used. For each search result, the quality of the evidence will ultimately receive one of four grades: high, moderate, low or very low. The outcome of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of physical exercise in improving the parameters that lead to the diagnosis of osteosarcopenia (bone mineral density, quality of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function) in older adults. The possibility of meta-analysis will be assessed according to the homogeneity of the studies, using the methods of fixed or random effects. Sensitivity analyses will be performed, and the funnel plot will be used to assess publication bias. The proposed statistical analyses will be performed using STATA software, V.14.0.Ethics and disseminationThe results of the systematic review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference. As we will not use individual patient data, ethical approval is not required.Trial registration numberCRD42020215659.

A positive affective experience, making exercise more pleasurable, less stressful, achieving greater satisfaction and intrinsic motivation experience through resistance training may be accomplished by performing self-selected exercises. These exercises can also lead to other health-related and performance outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of a short-term self-selected resistance training on levels of anxiety and depression in sedentary individuals. Twenty-one individuals, aged between 20 and 50 years, were assigned to Training Group (TG) and Control Group (CG). The TG underwent 4 weeks of resistance training, 2 sessions per week, with self-selected intensities. Anxiety and depression scores were collected before and after intervention using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The results showed that the TG presented a significant reduction in anxiety scores (8.9±2.0 to 7.1±2.1; p=0.008) with a large effect size (d=0.71). Depression scores showed no significant difference after intervention (6.3±2.6 to 5.4±2.6; p=0.094), with a small effect size (d=0.346). The CG showed slight non-significant increase in depression scores (6.3±3.1 to 6.8±3.7; p=0.297), with small effect size (d= 0.146). In conclusion, resistance training with self-selected intensity reduced anxiety scores and kept depression scores in a healthy level in sedentary individuals.

Background: Osteosarcopenia is defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteopenia or osteoporosis. Older adults with this syndrome have greater fragility and chances of mortality compared to those without these conditions. Exercise has been recommended as a treatment for osteosarcopenia based on interventions with sarcopenic and osteoporotic individuals separately. However, there is no evidence that physical exercise can really be an effective treatment for osteosarcopenia. Our objective is to identify whether physical exercise can improve the osteosarcopenia in older adults and lead to good health outcomes. Methods: We will perform a systematic review on the follow databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus. The criterion of inclusion will be clinical trial studies in which the interventions were physical exercises in older adults diagnosed with osteosarcopenia. To assess the risk of bias, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) and the Black and Downs tools will be used. For each search result, the quality of the evidence will ultimately receive one of four grades: high quality, moderate quality, low quality, or very low quality. Discussion: Through this systematic review protocol, an article on physical exercise recommendations for osteosarcopenia in older adults will be prepared. The results of this study may lead to recommendations for physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment or complementary therapy for the prevention of osteosarcopenia.Systematic review registration: Ongoing on Prospero.Ethics and dissemination: Protocol written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Rituximab (RTX) is a specific monoclonal antibody for CD20 protein, which is mostly found in lymphocytes B. RTX is notably indicated for lymphomas, autoimmune disorders, leukemia, and transplant rejection. A higher efficiency is achieved by adjusted doses, which is tailored by individual body weight and RTX pharmacokinetic parameters. Therefore, individualized dosing is a usual practice to achieve therapeutic success with this expensive drug. Therapeutic monitoring of RTX is commonly performed by chromatographic methods or immunoassays. These methods, however, suffer from a lack of standardization in workflows, long turnaround times, and high instrumentation costs with complex sample preparation. In this regard, immunosensors emerge as a feasible alternative to overcome these limitations. Herein, we developed an immunosensor, which can detect RTX from both invasive and non-invasive samples. A linear correlation between the charge transfer resistance and RTX from 2 to 14 µg mL−1 (r2 of 0.99) along with limit-of-detection and limit-of-quantification of 0.13 and 0.40 µg mL−1, respectively, was obtained. The immunosensor implemented proved to have sufficient precision and accuracy for on-site RTX detection in both blood serum and urine samples. Such affordable, label-free, and highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensors could pave the way for on-site therapeutic drug monitoring, quality control.