The porous hierarchical MgO with superb adsorption properties has been synthesized by a facile and scaled-up method. The X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, and N2 adsorption-desorption were carried out to study the microstructure of the as-synthesized precursor and product. It has been demonstrated that the as-prepared MgO has a porous hierarchical structure and a high specific surface area (148 m(2) g(-1)). And the MgO sample exhibited super adsorption properties, with maximum adsorption capacity of 2409 mg g(-1) for Congo red, which is the highest reported value. Moreover, the adsorption process of Congo red on porous hierarchical MgO was systematically investigated, which was found to obey the pseudo-second-order rate equation and Langmuir adsorption model.

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A novel and efficient halogen-free composite flame retardant (CFR) consisting of a brucite core and a fine zinc borate [Zn6O(OH)(BO3)3] hierarchical nanostructure shell was designed and synthesized via a facile nanoengineering route. It had been demonstrated that this unique hybrid structure possessed a high BET specific surface area (65 m(2)/g) and could significantly enhance the interfacial interaction when mixing with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). This improved the transfer of stress between CFR particles and EVA matrix and increased the viscosity of EVA/EVA blends, which was beneficial for droplet inhibition and char forming. The mechanical properties and flammability behaviors of the EVA/CFR blends had been compared with the EVA/physical mixture (PM, with the given proportion of brucite and Zn6O(OH)(BO3)3). The mechanical properties of EVA/CFR blends, especially the tensile strength (TS), presented a remarkable increase reaching at least a 20% increment. Meanwhile, with the same 45 wt % of fillers, the EVA/CFR formulation could achieve a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33 (37.5 % higher than that of EVA/PM blends) and UL-94 V-0 rating. Moreover, the heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat released (THR), smoke production rate (SPR) and mass loss rate (MLR) were considerably reduced, especially PHRR and SPR for EVA/CFR blends were reduced to 32%. According to this study, the design of fine structure might pave the way for the future development of halogen-free flame retardants combining both enhanced mechanical properties and excellent flame retardant behaviors.