Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is an entomopathogenic fungus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It parasitizes and mummifies the underground ghost moth larvae, then produces a fruiting body. The fungus-insect complex, called Chinese cordyceps or "DongChongXiaCao", is not only a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, but also a major source of income for numerous Himalayan residents. Here, taking advantage of rapid advances in single-molecule sequencing, we assembled a highly contiguous genome assembly of O. sinensis. The assembly of 23 contigs was ∼ 110.8 Mb with a N50 length of 18.2 Mb. We used RNA-seq and homologous protein sequences to identify 8916 protein-coding genes in the IOZ07 assembly. Moreover, 63 secondary metabolite gene clusters were identified in the improved assembly. The improved assembly and genome features described in this study will further inform the evolutionary study and resource utilization of Chinese cordyceps.

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[1] The surface longwave radiation budget plays an important role in the Earth's climate system. Remote sensing provides the most practical way to map surface longwave radiation on a large scale and at a high spatial resolution. In this paper, we evaluate both surface downward longwave radiation (DLR) and upwelling longwave radiation (ULR) models under clear-sky conditions from MODIS data products. There are multiple DLR models available with variable uncertainties, and the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method is incorporated in this study to combine the predictive distribution of these models for better accuracy. The integrated estimates for DLR based on the BMA method have lower root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) and higher coefficients of determination (R 2 ) than the best individual model. The RMSEs decreased by approximately 10 W/m 2 at two forest sites and by approximately 4 W/m 2 at other sites. The R 2 value increased at each site by more than 0.05. Two models for calculating the surface upwelling longwave radiation (ULR) are also evaluated at 16 sites. The results show that both the land surface temperature (LST)-emissivity method and the direct method, the Wang-U model underestimate the clear-sky ULR. The validation results show that the surface net longwave radiation (NLR) estimated using DLR estimates based on the BMA method and ULR estimates based on the LST-emissivity method is the most accurate.Citation: Wu, H., X. Zhang, S. Liang, H. Yang, and G. Zhou (2012), Estimation of clear-sky land surface longwave radiation from MODIS data products by merging multiple models,