Objective: In 2015, we conducted at 44 healthcare facilities (HCFs) and 21 nursing homes (NHs) a 3-month bloodstream infection (BSI) survey, and a 1-day prevalence study to determine the rate of carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 891 patients and 470 residents. We investigated the molecular characteristics of the BSI-associated and colonizing MRSA isolates, and assessed cross-transmission using double-locus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol.Results: The incidence of MRSA-BSI was 0.040/1000 patient-days (19 cases). The prevalence of MRSA carriage was 4.2% in patients (n = 39) and 8.7% in residents (n = 41) (p < 0.001). BSI-associated and colonizing isolates were similar: none were PVL-positive; 86.9% belonged to clonal complexes 5 and 8; 93.9% were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The qacA/B gene was carried by 15.8% of the BSI-associated isolates [3/3 BSI cases in intensive care units (ICUs)], and 7.7% of the colonizing isolates in HCFs. Probable resident-to-resident transmission was identified in four NHs.Conclusion: Despite generally reassuring results, we identified two key concerns. First, a worryingly high prevalence of the qacA/B gene in MRSA isolates. Antisepsis measures being crucial to prevent healthcare-associated infections, our findings raise questions about the potential risk associated with chlorhexidine use in qacA/B+ MRSA carriers, particularly in ICUs. Second, NHs are a weak link in MRSA control. MRSA spread was not controlled at several NHs; because of their frequent contact with the community, conditions are favorable for these NHs to serve as reservoirs of USA300 clone for local HCFs.

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Reading is increasingly taking place on digital media, which are vectors of attentional disruption. This manuscript aims to characterize attentional disruption during reading on a computer screen in an ecological environment. To this end, we collected information relating to reader interruptions (number, type, duration, position, mental effort, and valence) and self-caught mind wandering (occurrence, position) throughout the reading session for high and low media multitaskers in their own specific ecological environment, at home. Comprehension of the narrative text was assessed both with surface and inferential questions. In total, 74 participants (M = 22.16, SD = 2.35) took part in the experiment. They reported attentional disruptions on average every 4 mins during reading. Moreover, there were more attentional disruptions during the first half of the text. Most interruptions were short and little mental effort was required to process them. We made a distinction between media-related and media-unrelated related interruptions. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that media-unrelated interruptions were actually related to better performance for both inferential and surface level questions. Furthermore, media-related interruptions were more frequent for high than low media multitaskers. Pleasure experienced when reading the text was also a significant predictor of comprehension. The results are discussed with regard to Long-Term Working Memory and strategies that the readers could have implemented to recover the thread of their reading.

What breaks the flow of reading? A study on characteristics of attentional disruption during digital reading.

TotalEnergies’ use of robotics on remote or offshore sites is considered with the objective of enabling unmanned operation for long periods and as the next frontier for increased personnel safety, industry attractiveness for young talents and further OPEX and CAPEX reduction. TotalEnergies performed several IT/OT system architecture evolutions and developed a specific Robot Supervision System (RSS) equivalent to a fleet management system to help and consolidate know-how in the deployments of specific mobile ground robots. As the first autonomous and explosion-proof inspection ground robots become commercial, many have difficulties seeing how these new devices can be interfaced with legacy industrial systems and how its data can be represented in a user-friendly interface to make the remote operation of robot efficient & attractive enough. Only this level of interfacing will enable the possibility for automated inspection, operation, and maintenance tasks execution with intuitive programmable interfaces. The robotic devices also need also to comply with detailed specifications in order to communicate its data in real time to the supervision system. We will describe the specific modifications required to the robot associated systems to be used within a private industrial network and the specification for real time interfacing of its data. Many Robot suppliers initiated their system developments focusing on robot navigation but a lot of the interfacing complexity with operator companies remained to be achieved to exchange data with the site digital twin, the maintenance task planning tool, the cloud machine learning software resources, or the Process Data Management System (PDMS) or even the plant control system (DCS). The associated functionalities of the RSS will also be presented: Acquisition, historization and user-friendly display of robot's dataIntegrate several robot types or from several vendorsInterface with all company systemsVisual 3D digital twin environment to display data acquired by the robot or useful data for its remote operationIntuitive configuration and management of robot for routine tasks or based on a specific plant event or alarmComply with specific industrial cybersecurity rules Feedback will also be given on how it has been possible to adapt the IT architectures and how we intend to fit the requirements of OT systems to adopt robots with more critical interactions with the industrial process. We can present our approach for upscaling robot deployment with this on-premises supervision systems capable of historizing the data, generating immersive front-end displays for robots’ operators and managing secured interconnections to corporate systems. Figure 1An experienced operator using the RSS - View of the 2 main dashboard types (summary mashups & 3D view)