Occipital condylar fractures (OCFs) causing delayed onset lower cranial nerve paralysis (LCNPs) are rare. We present a 7‐year‐old Friesian horse with delayed onset dysphagia caused by vagus nerve (CNX) paralysis and suspicion of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) paralysis developed several days after a minor head injury. Endoscopic examination revealed right laryngeal hemiplegia and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. An area of submucosal hemorrhage and bulging was appreciated over the dorsal aspect of the medial compartment of the right guttural pouch. Radiological examination of the proximal cervical region showed rotation of the atlas and the presence of a large bone fragment dorsal to the guttural pouches. Occipital condyle fracture with delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis was diagnosed. Delayed onset cranial nerve paralysis causing dysphagia might be a distinguishable sign of OCF in horses. Delayed onset dysphagia after head injury should prompt equine clinicians to evaluate the condition of the atlanto‐occipital articulation and skull base.

RESUMENLos manuales de confesores tienen gran valor para los historiadores, ya que reflejan las conductas habituales en la sociedad medieval. Dentro del ámbito de la economía, dedican un espacio considerable al problema de la usura. Este concepto trasciende el préstamo con interés (usura pública) y se extiende a diversas operaciones que encubrían bajo otras formas la usura pública (usura secreta), bien por medio de fraudes en los préstamos, por la reventa de productos o mediante arrendamientos. Aquí analizaremos los manuales que circularon en Castilla. ABSTRACTThe handbooks for Confessors have got great value for historians, since they reveal the most common behaviours in medieval society. In the field of economy, these books devote considerable space to the problem of usury. This concept goes beyond the loan at an interes rate (public usury) and includes several deals which hid public usury under different appereances (hidden usury). This was made through frauds in the loans, resale of products or the rental. In this article we will study the handbooks which were present in medieval Castile.

The recent decline in crude oil production has needed more subsurface explorations to sustain and increase oil production in Mexico. The Client has discovered high potential fields with wells around 7,500 m (24,605 ft) to 8,200 m (26,902 ft) with high pressure, high temperature and hard formation features. On deep HPHT wells, many challenges have been identified for drilling and completion, which can lead to the execution of challenging operations for reaching the objective of the well. It is common to sidetrack the wells due to geological or mechanical failures. In Mexico, around 430 jobs were performed successfully in large casing sizes such as 9-5/8", 11-3/4" and 13-3/8" onshore and offshore. What is uncommon is to sidetrack the wells in smaller casing sizes (9-5/8" and 7"), with non-conventional grades, such as TAC-140, which is only used in Mexico with the record of three unsuccessful jobs (two onshore wells and one offshore well) to this day. The work presented here aims to share the process of opening a window in a dual casing in hard steel (TAC-140) in a very complex and challenging environment.

This paper will detail the engineering strategies utilized from design and planning stage up to and beyond the field execution stage which resulted in drilling the fastest well in a shallow water field, delivering superior drilling performance and successfully targeting the Upper Miocene (tertiary) reservoir in Mexico. From the 9 wells drilled in this field, the fastest well "Y"-200 was drilled with an average well construction index of 179 m/day when compared to the field average of 54.2 m/day. This shallow water field manifests several specific challenges which include tough drilling conditions, fluid property and hydraulic management, logging constraints and critical selection of casing setting depths. In order to enhance the drilling performance results to lower costs and improve production timelines, the project team performed a deep-dive into the well challenges and engaged with multi disciplinary teams and service providers to brainstorm different design improvements and operational practices. By doing so, the performance accelerates the 6000 to 9000 bbls of initial production estimated per well. The application of these creative engineering ideas proves that change, when applied correctly can really create lasting and proven improvements in drilling performance.