The Ecosystem Services (ES) concept highlights the varied contributions the environment provides to humans and there are a wide range of methods/tools available to assess ES. However, in real-world decision contexts a single tool is rarely sufficient and methods must be combined to meet practitioner needs. Here, results from the OpenNESS project are presented to illustrate the methods selected to meet the needs of 24 real-world case studies and better understand why and how methods are combined to meet practical needs. Results showed that within the cases methods were combined to: i) address a range of ES; ii) assess both supply and demand of ES; iii) assess a range of value types; iv) reach different stakeholder groups v) cover weaknesses in other methods used and vi) to meet specific decision context needs. Methods were linked in a variety of ways: i) as input-output chains of methods; ii) through learning; iii) through method development and iv) through comparison/triangulation of results. The paper synthesises these case study-based experiences to provide insight to others working in practical contexts as to where, and in what contexts, different methods can be combined and how this can add value to case study analyses.

Desarrollo de la regeneración a lo largo del ciclo del manejo forestal de un bosque de Nothofagus pumilio: Incidencia del ramoneo de Lama guanicoeRegeneration of Nothofagus pumilio throughout the forest management cycle:2. Incidence of Lama guanicoe browsing

Lenga is the forest species with the highest economical impact in Patagonia. Within the forest, an important population of saplings and seedlings whose survival depends on the quantity of light that the parent tree canopy allows to enter, can be found. Their regeneration can be affected by the harvesting. The objective of this work was to analyse the influence of the crown closure and harvesting on the installation and evolution of natural regeneration in a Nothofagus pumilio forest managed by a shelterwood system in Tierra del Fuego. The amount of seedlings and saplings in the studied forests was abundant for forest management purposes. The crown closure significantly affected the installation and growth of seedlings and saplings. On the other hand, it is possible to find a bank of regeneration in the understory, that would be enough to regenerate the forest if a shelterwood system is carried out. It is very important to consider the amount of saplings and seedlings in the decisions of a forest management plan because harvesting activities affect the installed saplings and seedlings.

The objective of this work was to develop equations of thickness profile and bark volume at different heights with easy-measurement variables, taking as a study case Nothofagus pumilio forests, growing in different site qualities and growth phases in Southern Patagonia. Data was collected from 717 harvested trees. Three models were fitted using multiple, non-lineal regression and generalized linear model, by stepwise methodology, iteratively reweighted least squares method for maximum likelihood estimation and Marquardt algorithm. The dependent variables were diameter at 1.30 m height (DBH), relative height (RH) and growth phase (GP). The statistic evaluation was made through the adjusted determinant coefficient (r 2 -adj), standard error of the estimation (SEE), mean absolute error and residual analysis. All models presented good fitness with a significant correlation with the growth phase. A decrease in the thickness was observed when the relative height increase. Moreover, a bark coefficient was made to calculate volume with and without bark of individual trees, where significant differences according to site quality of the stands and DBH class of the trees were observed. It can be concluded that the prediction of bark thickness and bark coefficient is possible using DBH, height, site quality and growth phase, common and easymeasurement variables used in forest inventories.Key words: multiple regression; non lineal regression; GLM; forest inventory; Nothofagus pumilio; Tierra del Fuego. Resumen Ecuaciones del grosor y volumen de corteza a diferentes alturas utilizando variables de fácil mediciónEl objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar ecuaciones de perfil del grosor y el volumen de corteza para diferentes alturas utilizando variables de fácil medición, tomando como caso de estudio los bosques de Nothofagus pumilio, creciendo en un gradiente de calidades de sitio y fases de crecimiento en Patagonia Sur. Se tomaron datos de 717 árboles. Se ajustaron tres modelos utilizando regresión múltiple, no lineal, y modelo lineal generalizado, mediante la metodología paso a paso, el algoritmo de Marquardt y de máxima verosimilitud. Las variables dependientes fueron el diámetro a 1,30 m de altura (DAP), altura relativa y la fase de crecimiento. Todos los modelos presentaron buen ajuste con una correlación significativa con la fase de crecimiento. Se observó una disminución en el espesor de corteza con el aumento de la altura relativa. Por otra parte, se desarrolló un coeficiente de corteza para calcular el volumen sin corteza de árboles, en donde se observaron diferencias significativas con la calidad de sitio y clases de DAP de los árboles. La predicción del espesor de la corteza y el coeficiente de la corteza es posible utilizando el DAP, altura, calidad de sitio y la fase de crecimiento, variables de fácil medición en inventarios forestales.Palabras clave: regresión múltiple; regresión no lineal; MLG; inventario forestal; Nothofagus pumilio; Tierra del Fuego. * Corresponding author: jmc@agro.unlp.edu.ar Recei...